tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87736255276172860572024-03-18T22:02:19.490-07:00CityEconomist UpdateEarly alerts on longer-term business, economic and public policy issues. Successor to the web site www.cityeconomist.com. Maintained by John Tepper Marlin. <a href="http://www.wikio.com/blogs/top/business"><img src="http://external.wikio.com/blogs/top/getrank?url=http://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/&cat=business" alt="Wikio - Top Blogs - Business"></a>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.comBlogger780125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-43595432947106293512021-06-03T18:53:00.002-07:002021-06-03T18:53:20.921-07:00DEATH BOX | Baby Boomers Face the End<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmPD32ra8gigz3LSXAlHQf3oixh6zHhz9T9lEkhPWrd6BgVQSQszT4yqJAhZ3E9KjMJ-R0Yrkzf9_4IvKhxArvz_xYVTIPhQQWrsXAfX4Lc1Dphwh5kDGwXfKRJD3fOap39uwVLMaW9Qc/s1600/death+box+talk.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmPD32ra8gigz3LSXAlHQf3oixh6zHhz9T9lEkhPWrd6BgVQSQszT4yqJAhZ3E9KjMJ-R0Yrkzf9_4IvKhxArvz_xYVTIPhQQWrsXAfX4Lc1Dphwh5kDGwXfKRJD3fOap39uwVLMaW9Qc/s320/death+box+talk.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
What is a "death box"?<br /><ul><li>The <i>Urban Dictionary</i> says it is a computer or television to which a person devotes too much time ("Hey, let's go out. Let go of the death box.")</li>
<li>But a recent speaker at the Coffee House Club says it is a place where (1) one puts what one will need when a close relative dies, or (2) where one puts what our surviving close relatives will need when we die, or both. Examples: Living will, cemetery contact, location of will, location of liquid assets</li></ul>
Losing a close relative or friend is arguably one of the most difficult experiences in life. In addition to coping with the grief and loss of someone we care for, there are also a variety of challenging tasks and important financial decisions to be completed, including:<br />
• Making final arrangements<br />
• Reviewing funeral costs and funding options<br />
• Settling an individual’s estate and heirlooms<br />
• Working with various companies and government agencies<br />
• Notifying family, friends and co-workers, and much more<div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-58095687106836579712021-03-22T22:14:00.008-07:002021-03-23T11:59:25.859-07:00MANHATTAN DA | Liz Crotty on June 22<p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-oWI4SfB45IjZ_rbH3EDXojDfBdc7jpMUd7bdR7wKIWdkd3Pyb5-skALQ8pf_BQ7UfZVG265TwkwtMJr3R1nSbydRsXfhIE8dpbOgsbCjeaKkMOCQAsk-SZZsH_DsmdjgIoJDiDgdK8w/s1010/Liz+Crotty.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1010" data-original-width="666" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-oWI4SfB45IjZ_rbH3EDXojDfBdc7jpMUd7bdR7wKIWdkd3Pyb5-skALQ8pf_BQ7UfZVG265TwkwtMJr3R1nSbydRsXfhIE8dpbOgsbCjeaKkMOCQAsk-SZZsH_DsmdjgIoJDiDgdK8w/w263-h400/Liz+Crotty.png" width="263" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Liz Crotty for DA, June 22</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">The Democratic Primary in New York is on June 22. This primary will determine who will be on the Democratic line in November.</span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">One of the positions up for a vote is Manhattan District Attorney. The incumbent, Cy Vance, has announced he is not going to run again. He has his hands full finishing up some high-profile cases.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica;">This post is an endorsement of a candidate for the Manhattan DA nomination, Liz Crotty.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I am posting this endorsement for two reasons. </p><p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">First, I attended the endorsement meeting of my local club and I was not given an opportunity to vote. I still don’t understand how that happened. But it means I am a free agent here, which is a good thing, because I strongly support Liz Crotty.</p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Second, I have known Liz for many years and I think highly of her. She grew up in Stuyvesant Town, an egalitarian complex on the east side of Manhattan near Baruch College, where I used to be an assistant professor of finance. She is the centrist in this primary and I wish we had more candidates who were prepared to take that stance.</p>
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<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I got to know New York City pretty well in the mid-1970s through the mid-2000s as a finance professor, then the CEO of an urban-policy think tank, and then chief economist for three New York City Comptrollers. Liz Crotty grew up during that period in New York City, and she knows how big an impact crime and civil unrest had on the city during that period. Liz says she experienced the scare of having to run into a Safe Haven Program store. She had to escape predatory men. Someone she knew was the victim of a stabbing.</p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">She graduated from Fordham Law School, and in 2000, she began her six-year career at the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office when Robert Morgenthau was Manhattan DA, until 2009.</p>
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<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I am a fan of the Morgenthaus, father Henry and son Robert. My Dad was hired by Henry Morgenthau, Jr. via a competitive civil service exam he took in 1933. Thousands of candidates took the test, and Morgenthau hired just three hundred for the Farm Credit Administration. Morgenthau was put in charge of that agency instead of being in the cabinet as Secretary of Agriculture, because the farm lobby objected to having someone Jewish like Morgenthau heading the agency. Instead, in 1934 FDR appointed Henry Morgenthau Jr. to the position of Secretary of the Treasury (there were also objections to that appointment, but FDR by then was on a roll and paid less attention to complaints about his appointments). I am writing the biography of Henry Morgenthau’s predecessor as Secretary of the Treasury, Will Woodin.</p>
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<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In her six-year stint as an Assistant District Attorney, Liz served first in the Trial Division. She worked on more than three thousand cases altogether. Her Trial Division cases involved street crimes, attempted murder, kidnapping, assault, burglary, robbery, and drug sales, as well as complex crimes like forgery, grand larceny, identity theft, and money laundering. Liz was known for investigating and resolving matters—whether by trial or plea, before both judges and juries.</p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">After serving more than four years in Trial (Bureau 70), Liz moved into the Investigation Division, expanding her legal skills. For two years in the Investigation Division, Liz worked on complex white-collar cases on the local, national, and international levels.</p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">After leaving the Manhattan DA’s Office, Liz worked in civil law on complex international investigations and litigations, involving aviation litigation, wrongful death, negligence, and product liability.</p>
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<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Liz started her own criminal-law firm twelve years ago. She and her partner built a law firm that, represents people throughout New York City and around the world, to help them receive justice. Liz represents people on crimes ranging from grand larceny, fraud, assault to rape, DWI, and weapons possession. A zealous advocate who fights aggressively for her clients, Liz is also well reasoned, approachable and personable.</p>
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<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">She can see ways to make the District Attorney’s Office perform better. However, she understands the only way to improve the office is with a practical plan. Her plan starts with ensuring the office is prioritizing every New Yorker’s hope for public safety, because each neighborhood and community needs to feel that the District Attorney’s Office is tackling their concerns. That means it must be responsive to every community in Manhattan, as well as working with the police to ensure they are protecting us with dignity and honor.</p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Liz is admitted to New York State Courts and the Federal Southern and Eastern Districts of the New York. She currently serves as a board member for the Manhattan District Attorney’s Association, a not-for-profit alumni organization of the Manhattan DA’s Office. In addition, she serves on the New York City Bar Association’s Judiciary Committee, evaluating judicial candidates for election. Most recently, she was a judicial delegate to the NYC Supreme Court judicial convention.</p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">She is a trained Mediator, having completed the Mediation Training at the NY Peace Institute. In addition, she volunteers with the CFI Project, which assists recent immigrant arrivals requesting political asylum and prepares them for their credible fear interview. Liz is also a volunteer on the pro-bono panel in New York’s Southern District.</p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">On June 22, or possibly before, I plan to vote for Liz Crotty for DA.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-26689675030575294042021-03-09T05:50:00.009-08:002021-03-09T06:22:57.310-08:00WOODIN | FDR's First Treasury Secretary Calms the Bank Panic<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioYSfxBQc0ZEbMNuYmowFXcn4F4EHoaNcGR3I_ShHRPqdq0W-rfvbpMnBPkQOhVfLOgm_oXwT4HxFBQ4sHFMhFajm5dc3PABs9A2AWEh2AiuGDJWq-8lEXRXeCjfBePv8O1tgzK2CsKGQ/s886/Screen+Shot+2021-03-09+at+8.46.29+AM.png" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="858" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioYSfxBQc0ZEbMNuYmowFXcn4F4EHoaNcGR3I_ShHRPqdq0W-rfvbpMnBPkQOhVfLOgm_oXwT4HxFBQ4sHFMhFajm5dc3PABs9A2AWEh2AiuGDJWq-8lEXRXeCjfBePv8O1tgzK2CsKGQ/w388-h400/Screen+Shot+2021-03-09+at+8.46.29+AM.png" width="388" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Will Woodin (2nd from right) examines a sheet of<br />greenbacks. He had $2 billion in banknotes printed<br />and then had Pathé News film them being shipped.</td></tr></tbody></table>March 9, 2021—On this date in 1933, which was the Thursday after President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Inauguration, the Emergency Banking Relief Act was passed and signed. It may be some kind of legislative record. Congress was called into session with a few days' notice. The bill (EBRA or just EBA) was passed in the House in the first part of the day, in the Senate in the second part. It was then signed by the president.<div><br /></div><div>It didn't go entirely smoothly. Copies of the bill didn't get to all the Members of Congress and it had to be read out in the House. Big pieces were yet to be added to what became the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, including the deposit insurance (FDIC) portion promoted by Rep. Henry B. Steagall and supported by many (not all) of the banks and the fencing off of insured banks from investment bankers, which was Senator Carter Glass's biggest interest.</div><div><br /></div><div>When they arrived the previous weekend, Roosevelt and his first Treasury Secretary, William H. Woodin, got to work, supported by the "brain trust" led by Professor Raymond Moley and by some senior people from the outgoing staff of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve System. Woodin and Moley were staying at the Mayflower Hotel, but they worked well into the night trying to nail down the procedures for opening up the banks after they were closed by the national "bank holiday." Banks were closed in all 48 states. </div><div><br /></div><div>Roosevelt left Secretary Woodin to handle the legislation and the details of reopening the banks. Roosevelt worked on his first Fireside Chat, which was delivered on the radio on March 12, 1933. Announcing Woodin's plan to a fearful nation, he said:</div><div><br /></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;">The new law allows the twelve Federal Reserve Banks to issue additional currency on good assets and thus the banks that reopen will be able to meet every legitimate call. The new currency is being sent out by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to every part of the country.</div></blockquote><div><br /></div><div>Woodin, as a corporate CEO for 15 years, handled the printing of $2 billion in banknotes like he would any deadline for one of his railcar factories. He was there and he worked late to make sure that all the shifts were cranking out the greenbacks. Woodin made sure that Pathé News was there to record the money coming off the presses and the trucks loading up and zooming off to the different clearinghouse banks.</div><div><br /></div><div>People got back in line at the banks, this time to redeposit the money they had taken out. By the end of March, two-thirds of the money that had been taken out of the nation’s banks had been redeposited. </div><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-3642506588005448402021-01-19T23:29:00.157-08:002021-05-16T06:41:13.840-07:00PRESIDENT BIDEN'S HISTORY-MAKING CABINET | 21 of 24 confirmed, including all agency heads<span><div style="color: #202124;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhne7d1KQnkPdUpJtsiduH8o6r4F_xXAMrD_DydC2I4fbOK9Qd1QP0bTknsaEl83c9AnFVPyMmokL3v5o7eCV86b24Rae9NczRZpNBUMdWG7es6m-cX3UKR3hqWqeHsI_-u38qRsKhq0uo/s784/Screen+Shot+2021-01-20+at+2.30.58+AM.png" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="784" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhne7d1KQnkPdUpJtsiduH8o6r4F_xXAMrD_DydC2I4fbOK9Qd1QP0bTknsaEl83c9AnFVPyMmokL3v5o7eCV86b24Rae9NczRZpNBUMdWG7es6m-cX3UKR3hqWqeHsI_-u38qRsKhq0uo/s320/Screen+Shot+2021-01-20+at+2.30.58+AM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">President Biden appoints the cabinet. The president</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">is usually shown "with" his cabinet, but is not a mem-</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: times; font-size: x-small;"> ber of it, </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: times;">on the</span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: times; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;"> </span><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet/" style="font-family: times;">White House</a> <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet/" style="font-family: times;">official cabinet page</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">.</span></div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202124;"></span></div></span></td></tr></tbody></table>President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. has nominated </span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">24 people to cabinet-level positions. Twenty-one have been confirmed as of March 22. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">One nominee withdrew, given no likely path to confirmation.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet/">White House Official Cabinet Page</a> shows cabinet members in order of succession, starting with the vice president. The president is not a member of the cabinet, but is usually shown in illustrations or photos "with" the cabinet since <a href="https://www.americanheritage.com/node/133123">George Washington</a>'s first term.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/nom_confc.htm">U.S. Senate website</a> page posts the current status of cabinet and other civilian confirmations. They are not all cabinet-level.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Succession to the presidency, in the case of the president's death or incapacity, is governed by the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Constitution" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="U.S. Constitution">Constitution</a><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> – </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_II,_Section_1,_Clause_6" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Article II, Section 1, Clause 6">Article II, Section 1, Clause 6</a><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">, as well as the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12th Amendment</a><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">20th Amendment</a><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">25th Amendment</a><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> It starts with the Vice President and Speaker of the House and President Pro Tem of the Senate and then goes through the cabinet in the order in which the agencies were created (State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, and so on).</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Senate has confirmed 21 of President Biden's 24 cabinet-level nominees, as</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> of March 22, including ALL of the fifteen heads of large agencies. </span></div></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/avril-haines-confirmation-vote/index.html">Avril Haines, Director of National Intelligence</a>, first-ever female DNI, confirmed 84 to 10, January 20. First nominee to be confirmed. (More below, by agency.)</span><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;">2. Lloyd J. Austin III, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/us/lloyd-austin-confirmed.html">first Black Secretary of Defense</a>, confirmed 93-2, </span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/us/politics/lloyd-austin-defense-secretary.html?campaign_id=2&emc=edit_th_20210123&instance_id=26335&nl=todaysheadlines&regi_id=64627981&segment_id=50060&user_id=ccfb4734e8229f9c25f842134d118e1d">January 22</a>.<span> </span></span></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">3. <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/janet-yellens-confirmation-hearing-provides-a-glimpse-into-the-biden-era">Janet Yellen</a>, Secretary of the Treasury. Confirmed 84 to 15, January 25.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">4. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/26/politics/blinken-confirmation-secretary-of-state/index.html">Antony Blinken</a>, Secretary of State. Confirmed 78-22, January 26. This was the first agency created, under George Washington.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">5. <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/02/transportation-secretary-pete-buttigieg-twitter-army-465098">Pete Buttigieg</a>, Secretary of Transportation. Confirmed February 2.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">6. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/politics/100000007584466/alejandro-mayorkas-sworn-in-homeland-security.html">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, Secretary of Homeland Security. Confirmed February 2.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">7. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/veterans-secretary-mcdonough/2021/02/08/df3b713a-6a19-11eb-ba56-d7e2c8defa31_story.html">Denis McDonough</a>, Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Confirmed February 8.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">8. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/02/23/tom-vilsack-confirmed-by-senate-second-stint-agriculture-secretary-time-growing-food-insecurity-because-pandemic/">Tom Vilsack</a>, Secretary of Agriculture. Confirmed February 23.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">9. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/01/politics/linda-thomas-greenfield-capitol-riot-cnntv/index.html">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>, U.N. Ambassador. Confirmed February 23.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/25/politics/jennifer-granholm-confirmed-energy-secretary/index.html">Jennifer Granholm</a>, Secretary of Energy. Confirmed February 25.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/miguel-cardona-education-secretary/2021/03/01/67f6ed5a-7ac4-11eb-b3d1-9e5aa3d5220c_story.html">Miguel Cardona</a>, Secretary of Education.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">12. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/02/business/economy/gina-raimondo-cecilia-rouse-confirmed.html">Gina Raimondo</a>, Secretary of Commerce. Confirmed 84-15, March 2.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">13. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/02/business/economy/gina-raimondo-cecilia-rouse-confirmed.html">Cecilia Rouse</a>, Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. Confirmed 95-4, March 2.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">14. Marcia Fudge, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Confirmed March 10.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">15. Merrick Garland. Attorney-General. Confirmed March 10.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">16. Deb Haaland, Secretary of the Interor. Confirmed March 16.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">17. Katherine Tai, Trade Representative. Confirmed March 17.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">18. <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/543790-senate-confirms-becerra-as-bidens-hhs-secretary">Xavier Becerra</a>, Secretary of HHS. Confirmed March 18.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">19. <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/544403-senate-confirms-marty-walsh-as-bidens-labor-secretary">Marty Walsh</a>, Secretary of Labor. Confirmed March 22.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Biden's Historic Cabinet. </b>Of Biden's nominees, nearly half (46 percent, 11/24; with the vice president, 12/25) are women. Women previously <a href="https://cawp.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/resources/womenapptdtoprescabinets.pdf">never made up more than 41 percent</a> of a cabinet, the highest percent having been in President Bill Clinton's second term. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The cabinet was originally composed of just the heads of the largest agencies. That today is fifteen people, of whom five are women, one-third. The other nine positions are cabinet rank. President Biden's official cabinet page includes all cabinet-level appointments. </span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(37, 52, 75); color: #25344b; font-family: Helvetica;">Of Biden’s first </span><a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=j&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fpolitics%2Fbiden-team-announces-new-staff-picks-highlighting-effort-to-build-an-administration-that-looks-like-america&uct=1609956696&usg=2Ji0yrNmUO9x2TVS--CwoGueos4." style="font-family: Helvetica;">100-plus staff appointees</a><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(37, 52, 75); color: #25344b; font-family: Helvetica;">, 60 percent were women, more than 50 percent were people of color and 20 percent were first-generation Americans.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></span></div><p style="color: #25344b; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Among cabinet appointees confirmed in the first 100 days of the last three presidential administrations, almost 72 percent were white, and 73 percent were male, says <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2020/12/04/keeping-his-promises-black-presidential-appointments-in-the-biden-administration/">the Brookings Institution</a>. Black Americans have never accounted for <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=j&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F01%2F18%2Fblacks-have-made-gains-in-u-s-political-leadership-but-gaps-remain%2F&uct=1609956696&usg=6Ve40cju_8xsPMljYssftCcLoIM.">as much as one-third of the cabinet</a>.</p><p style="color: #25344b; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Note about the cabinet numbers:</i> Cabinet numbers in the past have excluded the president and vice president. President Biden on the White House cabinet page may be signaling that Vice President Kamala Harris part of the cabinet, as she is first in the line of succession. Starting with <a href="https://www.americanheritage.com/node/133123">George Washington</a>, the cabinet has included the president but not the vice president. After the vice president, the Speaker of the House and the President Pro Tem of the Senate, the line of succession begins with leaders of the four agencies created by Washington—secretary of state, secretary of the treasury, secretary of defense (until 1947 secretary of war) and attorney general.</span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"> Which title is cabinet rank can change with every administration. The order of succession is the order in which the agency was created.</span></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>George Washington had a cabinet of four men.</b> George Washington's cabinet shows the President with four other men—the Secretaries of State (Jefferson), Treasury (Hamilton) and War (Knox), and the Attorney-General, heading the Justice Department (Randolph). It was formed after the middle of Washington's first term. The heads of the agencies are listed in <a href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Presidential_Succession_Act.htm" style="font-weight: normal;">order of succession</a> to the presidency.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>FDR had a cabinet of ten—nine men and one woman. </b>Besides the four agencies that date back to Washington's cabinet—State (Hull), Treasury (Woodin), War (Dern), Justice (Attorney General Cummings), he added four new ones—Agriculture (Wallace), Commerce (Roper), Interior (Ickes) and Labor (Perkins). The other two agencies have since been dropped as cabinet-level positions, i.e., the Postmaster-General (Farley) and Navy Secretary (Swanson). </span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Biden's cabinet is composed of the heads of the core fifteen agencies, plus nine other cabinet-rank positions, listed in order of succession.</b> The first eight agencies are on FDR's list, but two were discontinued, and the Department of War on August 10, 1949 was renamed the Department of Defense. Since Roosevelt, seven agencies have been added: Health and Human Services (HHS, formerly HEW), Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans Administration and Homeland Security (DHS). Total: fifteen. The order of succession is: Vice President, State, Treasury, Defense, Justice (Attorney General), Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;">The nine other appointees of cabinet </span><span style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;">rank</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> head smaller agencies or staff groups (3 men, 6 women). The order of succession is:</span></span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: arial;">EPA Administrator,</span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: arial;">OMB Director, </span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: arial;">Director of National Intelligence, </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: arial;">US Trade Representative (USTR), </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: arial;">US Ambassador to the UN,</span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: arial;"> CEA Chair, SBA Administrator, </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: arial;">Science Advisor </span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: arial;">and </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: arial;">the President's Chief of Staff (no Senate confirmation required). </span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;">President's Social Media Handles: </b><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;">Twitter:</span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/POTUS?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@POTUS</a><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;">and</span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/JoeBiden" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@JoeBiden</a><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;"> . </span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;">Facebook:</span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/joebiden/" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Joe Biden</a><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> . </span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;">Instagram:</span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/joebiden/?hl=en" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@joebiden</a><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;">and</span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/potus/?hl=en" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@potus</a>. (</span></span></span><b style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">First Lady Dr Jill Biden: </b><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;">Twitter: @DrBiden . Instagram: @drbiden and @flotus.)</span></p><p style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0.75em 0px 1.5em;"><strong>Vice President Kamala Harris. </strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">Twitter:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/VP" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@VP</a><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">and</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/KamalaHarris" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@KamalaHarris</a> . <span style="font-size: 16px;">Facebook:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/KamalaHarris" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Kamala Harris</a> . <span style="font-size: 16px;">Instagram:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/kamalaharris/?hl=en" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@kamalaharris</a><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">and</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/vp/?hl=en" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@vp</a>. (<strong style="font-size: 16px;">Doug Emhoff, spouse/second gentleman)</strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">: </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">Twitter:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/SecondGentleman" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@SecondGentleman</a><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">and</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/DouglasEmhoff" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@DouglasEmhoff</a><span style="font-size: 16px;"> . </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">Instagram:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/douglasemhoff/?hl=en" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@douglasemhoff</a><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">and</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/secondgentleman/?hl=en" style="color: #012e4f; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">@secondgentleman</a><span style="font-size: 16px;">.)</span></p><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b>I. CORE-CABINET NOMINEES (Heads of large agencies, subject to Senate confirmation). 15 (10 men, 5 women).</b> (WaPo's list includes the Vice President and Chief of Staff, for a total of 17. Chief of Staff here is in the second group in this list because the Chief of Staff does not head a large department. Cabinet photos also include the President himself, which with the Vice President and Chief of Staff would bring a photo of the core cabinet to 18 people. Other combinations are also possible.)</div></span><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202124;"><div style="font-size: 12px;"><span><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzL51CXOBNQwkQZ4r3ZcVRDifcs6l5eMb8cH38YG1nArEkqXiIggVsPhVBO07VM4eZB0qm5DoWO1TCUh6QuvPuajghFOeNIOIkwahB_9-9ePoUWmKI0Ev5ZL-u3ZfDML7REY0gkep6vOk/s926/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.03.28+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="926" data-original-width="850" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzL51CXOBNQwkQZ4r3ZcVRDifcs6l5eMb8cH38YG1nArEkqXiIggVsPhVBO07VM4eZB0qm5DoWO1TCUh6QuvPuajghFOeNIOIkwahB_9-9ePoUWmKI0Ev5ZL-u3ZfDML7REY0gkep6vOk/w63-h68/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.03.28+AM.png" width="63" /></a></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><span><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></div>Agriculture Secretary</b>: <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/07/vilsack-usda-top-choice-443424">Tom Vilsack</a>. He served as Agriculture Secretary under President Obama.</span></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></div></span><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDH096OR-q4QSnZ62nA1YTRWTpZ9GLFLgCtXEGVajlEvuKPrciLYlj2crDrPyyiNxIZSYqpPZUbybch2dMFKr34CxbZIdpgPDEyqOxruHFiZ8inpt-fHTWD6_a6bAPxmDXgT2oLYDxTSM/" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="782" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDH096OR-q4QSnZ62nA1YTRWTpZ9GLFLgCtXEGVajlEvuKPrciLYlj2crDrPyyiNxIZSYqpPZUbybch2dMFKr34CxbZIdpgPDEyqOxruHFiZ8inpt-fHTWD6_a6bAPxmDXgT2oLYDxTSM/w64-h67/Screen+Shot+2021-01-06+at+1.14.08+PM.png" width="64" /></a></div></span></b></span><b>Attorney-General, Department of Justice (CONFIRMED <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/541908-political-landmines-await-garland-at-doj">March 10</a>):</b> <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/biden-to-name-merrick-garland-as-attorney-general.html">Merrick Garland</a>. Garland had been nominated for the Supreme Court. He was widely viewed as a superb choice but was not acted on by the Republican Senate.</div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGC_pSEOlHWV1BRQW77JWp5kboYfsk_GFcGBmpe7lPXRZ7ihGSAF8RheFxv5TL_HyTFhSL25dQDb0JXE0Peyl53vy_ZSIyeyrl_zrO4Mbmq1OAgMiIDlhSmOuP4RD3WU6wjUyLN2lPFto/s466/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+1.06.11+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="424" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGC_pSEOlHWV1BRQW77JWp5kboYfsk_GFcGBmpe7lPXRZ7ihGSAF8RheFxv5TL_HyTFhSL25dQDb0JXE0Peyl53vy_ZSIyeyrl_zrO4Mbmq1OAgMiIDlhSmOuP4RD3WU6wjUyLN2lPFto/w61-h67/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+1.06.11+AM.png" width="61" /></a></div>Commerce Secretary (CONFIRMED, March 2): </b>Gina Raimondo. First female governor of Rhode Island. When elected, faced the worst unemployment rate of any state and launched successful workforce training programs. Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/GinaRaimondo" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Gina Raimondo</a></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><b style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvnuk06uO6tMCymz8_GftiMgJl35hFMAo0EnPSJ3xYx-KT1i0aj2BEYkJiX8-mD02QBprIWV2M1XPglbFw9p0X0S7ZzI49kg9k-M1FVS8vCMhqeNx2bpjj5TRJa68Gr1Xkysvtg6x3S2o/s1338/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.46.21+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1052" data-original-width="1338" height="92" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvnuk06uO6tMCymz8_GftiMgJl35hFMAo0EnPSJ3xYx-KT1i0aj2BEYkJiX8-mD02QBprIWV2M1XPglbFw9p0X0S7ZzI49kg9k-M1FVS8vCMhqeNx2bpjj5TRJa68Gr1Xkysvtg6x3S2o/w101-h92/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.46.21+AM.png" width="101" /></a>Defense Secretary (CONFIRMED, January 22, FIRST BLACK DEFENSE SECRETARY):</b><b style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"> </b><a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/07/lloyd-austin-biden-secretary-defense-frontrunner-contender-443479" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-size: 12px;">General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin</a><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;">. First-ever Black defense secretary. A former four-star general, he retired from the military in 2016. Confirmation hearing Jan. 19. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/us/lloyd-austin-confirmed.html">Confirmed, January 22.</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a>.Twitter: </span><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><a href="https://twitter.com/LloydAustin" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gen. Lloyd</span> <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Austin</span></a>.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjS6szmIIKoHFb7VpIoog5ooU_doWkFVK_PF5PvSLxP_hyBe-ZcbnT4DHNOwQ70NPM6w7Eo0HXGdQVsjudkV1LFzsskr5dp-Yrqz5GRrPr1VLifoJFtmtaWjYgxj0B5RjehiMmHNBKY1w/s800/Screen+Shot+2020-12-23+at+1.08.05+PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="786" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjS6szmIIKoHFb7VpIoog5ooU_doWkFVK_PF5PvSLxP_hyBe-ZcbnT4DHNOwQ70NPM6w7Eo0HXGdQVsjudkV1LFzsskr5dp-Yrqz5GRrPr1VLifoJFtmtaWjYgxj0B5RjehiMmHNBKY1w/w76-h78/Screen+Shot+2020-12-23+at+1.08.05+PM.png" width="76" /></a></div>Education Secretary (CONFIRMED)</b>: <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/01/04/biden-selects-miguel-cardona-education-secretary">Miguel Cardona.</a> Former commissioner of education for the State of Connecticut. He is a strong advocate for public schools. Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/teachcardona" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Miguel Cardona</a></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSKZyxo6ix5kRoyQ0e52SBCGhvprHqTOfhLXC6dLt4GfJogAeOpk4_WklEnG2NlmL35FafOiKtG-bjz6TjU88FtNBtXrBigNDysif8ChS8Qsh5CAZbXl1e8RdN1ynGeXfwIUMNWgI4-wk/s214/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+1.08.41+PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="186" data-original-width="214" height="59" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSKZyxo6ix5kRoyQ0e52SBCGhvprHqTOfhLXC6dLt4GfJogAeOpk4_WklEnG2NlmL35FafOiKtG-bjz6TjU88FtNBtXrBigNDysif8ChS8Qsh5CAZbXl1e8RdN1ynGeXfwIUMNWgI4-wk/w59-h59/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+1.08.41+PM.png" width="59" /></a></div>Energy Secretary (CONFIRMED February 25): </b><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-to-tap-jennifer-granholm-for-energy-secretary-11608072614?st=b2tbept7xl5x5ap&reflink=article_email_share">Jennifer Granholm</a>, former governor of the State of Michigan and previous the that was attorney general of the state. <span style="font-size: 12px;">Twitter: </span><a href="https://twitter.com/JenGranholm" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Jennifer Granholm</a><span style="font-size: 12px;">.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhMId6BHDBd7mOuL2RA7znW5lARfHRZhTDHKt1zBuOIaIMD7SYWo_m3pksnhRe6nFgXgB97CiLjVZxYe5o2jcPgC_tYgbaRGc-KT_tmQbPmvO-rtvEKdx0aTmpJzOKgGjNm85qnK6udDQ/s558/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.06.07+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="558" height="72" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhMId6BHDBd7mOuL2RA7znW5lARfHRZhTDHKt1zBuOIaIMD7SYWo_m3pksnhRe6nFgXgB97CiLjVZxYe5o2jcPgC_tYgbaRGc-KT_tmQbPmvO-rtvEKdx0aTmpJzOKgGjNm85qnK6udDQ/w78-h72/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.06.07+AM.png" width="78" /></a></div></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><b>Health and Human Services Secretary: </b><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/06/biden-picks-xavier-becerra-current-california-ag-to-lead-health-and-human-services.html?__source=newsletter%7Cbreakingnews" style="font-weight: normal;">Xavier Becerra</a>. </b>Former attorney general of California, he led the defense of Obamacare.<b> </b>Twitter<b>: </b><a href="https://twitter.com/AGBecerra?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Xavier Becerra</a>.<span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;"> </span><b style="font-size: 12px;">(</b><b style="font-size: 12px;">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director: </b><span style="font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/06/rochelle-walensky-cdc-biden-443384">Rochelle Walensky.</a>) <a href="https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2021/1/21/2010875/-President-Biden-isn-t-just-inheriting-an-empty-vaccine-closet-he-s-also-getting-a-nonexistent-plan"><b>No vaccination plan in place from prior president.</b></a></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #202124; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8wUcj5gDXBU0_3Fxd5oTCaY8vjUngbE2_RA9w-HA5LL3OGbcHhfkAmS2zh22i3yZTCvL-9AvKECof8xcazPQSDnu0ckcONcla3YPsstmOEdP1F589lwzY0S4xebGtdpCO-Q9W8s29Tr0/s336/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.57.47+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="336" height="64" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8wUcj5gDXBU0_3Fxd5oTCaY8vjUngbE2_RA9w-HA5LL3OGbcHhfkAmS2zh22i3yZTCvL-9AvKECof8xcazPQSDnu0ckcONcla3YPsstmOEdP1F589lwzY0S4xebGtdpCO-Q9W8s29Tr0/w64-h64/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.57.47+AM.png" width="64" /></a></div><b style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;">Homeland Security Secretary (CONFIRMED February 2): </b><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-harris-meet-mayors-covid-cases-soar-n1248596" style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;">Alejandro Mayorkas</a><span style="color: #202124;"> . First Latino and first immigrant to the United States in this role. Confirmation hearing January 19. </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ" style="color: #202124;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a><span style="color: #202124;">. Twitter: </span><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><a href="https://twitter.com/AliMayorkas" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Alejandro</span> <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Mayorkas</span></a>.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><br /></b></div><div><b style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqZ5yxAiLkFtieKQSamJoozNLcp79RDmRM3X6SqfURNSQDhZtnxJXqGr1GRG6I9Xv6KINEdebSC3TXvoRxqCn6WH6NNWtkWutAO_MFeHxzNtCy2tS2xbmnyl5uLF97nunziIkVHasUTJU/s372/Screen+Shot+2020-12-10+at+3.36.53+PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><img border="0" data-original-height="356" data-original-width="372" height="58" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqZ5yxAiLkFtieKQSamJoozNLcp79RDmRM3X6SqfURNSQDhZtnxJXqGr1GRG6I9Xv6KINEdebSC3TXvoRxqCn6WH6NNWtkWutAO_MFeHxzNtCy2tS2xbmnyl5uLF97nunziIkVHasUTJU/w61-h58/Screen+Shot+2020-12-10+at+3.36.53+PM.png" width="61" /></a></div>Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">: </span><a href="https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2020/12/9/2000826/-Biden-to-name-Rep-Marcia-Fudge-as-first-woman-to-lead-HUD-in-40-years-but-there-s-disappointment" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Marcia Fudge</span></a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">. </span><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(60, 55, 54); color: #3c3736; letter-spacing: 0.1517953872680664px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fudge is the first woman to run HUD in 40 years. She’s the third Black woman named for Biden’s Cabinet. Twitter: </span></span><a href="https://twitter.com/mlfudge" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marcia Fudge</span></a><span style="color: #202124;">.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: arial;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6Gk8eyVEaHSJ5sav92hC2i4zBvpagZP8Wup0cE2x3oSGESi0sGFXNOB_TMn4OwHLl8ARmOaYLQXTXUGQh-F1uUyZYpzeJxETIB5WglDPS0AkbfIEXUuLWZMu1NLM-7O7zq3eVYgAObI/s370/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+3.09.47+PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="352" height="72" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6Gk8eyVEaHSJ5sav92hC2i4zBvpagZP8Wup0cE2x3oSGESi0sGFXNOB_TMn4OwHLl8ARmOaYLQXTXUGQh-F1uUyZYpzeJxETIB5WglDPS0AkbfIEXUuLWZMu1NLM-7O7zq3eVYgAObI/w68-h72/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+3.09.47+PM.png" width="68" /></a></div>Interior Department Secretary (CONFIRMED)</b>: <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2020/12/17/deb-haaland-interior-secretary-biden/">Deb Haaland</a>. The <span color="var(--color-ui-gray-darkest)" style="font-size: var(--font-size-small);">first Native American Cabinet secretary and Interior Department head, she marks a turning point for the U.S. government’s stance with our indigenous peoples,</span><span color="var(--color-ui-gray-darkest)" style="font-size: var(--font-size-small);"> who have been highly affected by toxic air and polluted land. Twitter: </span></span><a href="https://twitter.com/DebHaalandNM" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Deb Haaland</span></a><span style="color: #202124;">.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><b style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVe0u1SqqBrhqmnDa4mN3Fwv5f_tGy0I-2-DTnZHpIahq3LvkiPCafMKtb5N9acfOvm4vJB2Ogl4dL5CP1t63Ojg22optSn9wg_f4mag_EJ5eJRxIQl8yykdyttrQaItMEpdTynRafvg/s296/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.03.35+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="296" data-original-width="286" height="88" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVe0u1SqqBrhqmnDa4mN3Fwv5f_tGy0I-2-DTnZHpIahq3LvkiPCafMKtb5N9acfOvm4vJB2Ogl4dL5CP1t63Ojg22optSn9wg_f4mag_EJ5eJRxIQl8yykdyttrQaItMEpdTynRafvg/w85-h88/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.03.35+AM.png" width="85" /></a></div>Labor Secretary. </b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/544403-senate-confirms-marty-walsh-as-bidens-labor-secretary">Martin J. (Marty) Walsh</a> (CONFIRMED, March 22). Mayor of Boston, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/03/22/marty-walsh-confirmation-labor-secretary/">he is the first union leader in the Labor post in half a century</a>. The Department was created in 1933. Walsh champions a $15 minimum wage and paid family leave. Twitter: </span><a href="https://twitter.com/marty_walsh" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marty Walsh</span></a><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #131516;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22);">.</span></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"></div></div></div><span><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><br /></p></div></span></div></span><span><div><span style="background-color: white;"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><p style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #202124; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ_CpWfmmVjassDHn9jxGnS2VhqSDyKpCwfK4OAIyj1Dmkq85JxIocEqqI1L8kRx7mIeW5TMVWZjdyGOI2uOt0Z0BSWhtUtvV7ngk4tpfQuBCmWJFXprH7_usao1MpECnkxqU-HM1MqYY/s262/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.08.51+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="262" height="88" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ_CpWfmmVjassDHn9jxGnS2VhqSDyKpCwfK4OAIyj1Dmkq85JxIocEqqI1L8kRx7mIeW5TMVWZjdyGOI2uOt0Z0BSWhtUtvV7ngk4tpfQuBCmWJFXprH7_usao1MpECnkxqU-HM1MqYY/w104-h88/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.08.51+AM.png" width="104" /></a><b></b></div><b style="color: #202124;">Secretary of State (CONFIRMED January 26): </b><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/527112-biden-to-name-longtime-aide-blinken-as-secretary-of-state-report"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Antony Blinken</span></a><span style="color: #202124;">. </span><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;">Blinken served as deputy secretary of State between 2015 and 2017. He advised President-Elect Biden for years and in 2008 worked on Biden's bid for the Democratic nomination, which he lost to former President Obama. Confirmation hearing Jan. 19. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a>. Twitter: </span><a href="https://twitter.com/ABlinken" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Antony Blinken</span></a><span style="color: #202124;">.</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); font-size: 18px;"><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisl0-6pq63rxPCDEejyyNs8uCPetlyvJ7JdOnIJoYYfYLOIm2Y1fDLM_VC-ssrTce7UpT36Is_a5qbTxqyJuxZU6zuCEJgJq_ISAtrxd-F3DdKtbj_VuS1-hziY5EJsthml0-5cS9A254/s422/Screen+Shot+2020-12-14+at+6.01.52+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="422" height="87" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisl0-6pq63rxPCDEejyyNs8uCPetlyvJ7JdOnIJoYYfYLOIm2Y1fDLM_VC-ssrTce7UpT36Is_a5qbTxqyJuxZU6zuCEJgJq_ISAtrxd-F3DdKtbj_VuS1-hziY5EJsthml0-5cS9A254/w90-h87/Screen+Shot+2020-12-14+at+6.01.52+AM.png" width="90" /></a></div>Transportation Secretary (CONFIRMED): </b><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/13/politics/pete-buttigieg-transportation-secretary/index.html">Pete Buttigieg</a>. Rhodes Scholar. Was Mayor of South Bend, Indiana. First-ever openly gay cabinet member. Likely future candidate for President. Twitter: </span><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><a href="https://twitter.com/PeteButtigieg" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Pete</span> <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Buttigieg</span></a>.</span></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); font-size: 18px;"><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b style="color: black;"><span><span style="color: black;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFNqZx1sBole-wbMTrzgrcQ9JGDyFm3uqrKaFH7_3UeNszJwW6t2wmK944e8ADyvihgzY1LdcbPWl_h9f30hyphenhypheniBNtB3pVVDSljCGkbADW-yKAerl92_jJus4WSfa9GwEyXHek7o1jWJ-w/s240/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.50.53+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="228" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFNqZx1sBole-wbMTrzgrcQ9JGDyFm3uqrKaFH7_3UeNszJwW6t2wmK944e8ADyvihgzY1LdcbPWl_h9f30hyphenhypheniBNtB3pVVDSljCGkbADW-yKAerl92_jJus4WSfa9GwEyXHek7o1jWJ-w/w104-h111/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.50.53+AM.png" width="104" /></a></div>Treasury Secretary (CONFIRMED January 25)</span>:</span><span style="color: #202124;"> </span></b><a href="https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/if-treasury-secretary-janet-yellen-make-history" style="color: black; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Former Fed Chair</span></a><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"> <a href="Not John Jones (Nov. 18).">Janet L. Yellen</a>. <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/19/treasury-nominee-yellen-us-can-afford-higher-corporate-tax-if-it-coordinates-globally.html?__source=newsletter%7Cpolitics">Confirmation hearing Jan. 19</a>. Cassidy—<a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/janet-yellens-confirmation-hearing-provides-a-glimpse-into-the-biden-era">https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/janet-yellens-confirmation-hearing-provides-a-glimpse-into-the-biden-era</a>. Twitter: </span><a href="https://twitter.com/JanetYellen" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Janet Yellen</span></a>. </div><div style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div><span><span style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEj8pcL3MroqeRvxTxxDy-HMYe_qPM63ugK1FKGivTRPAsZ-E1pF3NMbhVh2W7t6xiZRhmaJv6BSzaz_hqdtVw3L_0TCyyIIuSPYglFsqk8ynFCxUJOV3LOy424USi60hWdiPJKxV4wxg/s256/Screen+Shot+2020-12-10+at+2.41.31+PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="202" height="89" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEj8pcL3MroqeRvxTxxDy-HMYe_qPM63ugK1FKGivTRPAsZ-E1pF3NMbhVh2W7t6xiZRhmaJv6BSzaz_hqdtVw3L_0TCyyIIuSPYglFsqk8ynFCxUJOV3LOy424USi60hWdiPJKxV4wxg/w70-h89/Screen+Shot+2020-12-10+at+2.41.31+PM.png" width="70" /></a></div><div><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold;">Veterans Affairs </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Secretary (CONFIRMED February 8)</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b>. </b><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/12/10/944980660/biden-selects-denis-mcdonough-as-va-secretary">Denis McDonough</a><b>. </b>The Veterans Administration provides health care and benefits to 9 million veterans. It is the largest health-care delivery system in the nation.<b> </b></span></span></span>Twitter: <span style="color: #6aa84f;"><a href="https://twitter.com/DenisMcDonough" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Denis McDonough</a>. </span><span>Former chief of staff of President Barack Obama.</span></div></span></span></span></div></span></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2b2c30;"><b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium;">II. CABINET RANK NOMINEES (Smaller agencies and WH Staff subject to Senate confirmation </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">except</span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium;"> for Chief of Staff Ron Klain) 9 (3 men, 6 women)</span></b></span></div><div><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b style="font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvmAWaqA7DOsZiHHnvlAkcwG71i_j7dGXI5wyPXClLbLAHv1-610nxINSsQ4-hbWRO1V3n3Jiv4yVZe0S4hlvpNz_EhhJnDLZH41YX8aKArOJd3_ZRpKaPPN_Kn7B6T9bfAussyuwZ0rc/s256/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.10.37+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="238" height="81" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvmAWaqA7DOsZiHHnvlAkcwG71i_j7dGXI5wyPXClLbLAHv1-610nxINSsQ4-hbWRO1V3n3Jiv4yVZe0S4hlvpNz_EhhJnDLZH41YX8aKArOJd3_ZRpKaPPN_Kn7B6T9bfAussyuwZ0rc/w75-h81/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.10.37+AM.png" width="75" /></a></div>Council of Economic Advisers, Chair (CONFIRMED, March 2): </b><a href="https://thehill.com/person/cecilia-rouse" style="font-size: 12px;">Cecilia Rouse</a>.<b> </b><span style="color: #18191a; font-size: 14px;">Rouse, a Californian, PhD in economics from Harvard, was Dean of Princeton’s School of Public and International Affairs. </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e; font-size: 12px;">Rouse's position is Cabinet status under Biden; Trump had demoted the CEA. (</span><b style="font-size: 12px;">CEA Members: </b><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/12/biden-transition-economic-team-guest.html">Jared Bernstein and Heather Boushey</a>, confirmation not required.)</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div></div><div><span><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8vfPZDSGhMdkr8fdsiT0uN6GX7bF7KD99bWxMerD0gzcWaRb8iruoRTReMJZsYrlHkxzZN7cYoMO6rg5jisjIT31NlImjUI3e-2ymqE0KixJzMebYjwaxsrSO_qw_0TF6u6c92ovG3Ag/s220/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+1.02.56+PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="216" height="86" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8vfPZDSGhMdkr8fdsiT0uN6GX7bF7KD99bWxMerD0gzcWaRb8iruoRTReMJZsYrlHkxzZN7cYoMO6rg5jisjIT31NlImjUI3e-2ymqE0KixJzMebYjwaxsrSO_qw_0TF6u6c92ovG3Ag/w97-h86/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+1.02.56+PM.png" width="97" /></a></div><b>Environmental Protection Agency (CONFIRMED, March 10) </b><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2020/12/17/biden-epa-regan/">Administrator</a>: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/17/climate/michael-regan-epa.html">Michael S. Regan</a>. <a href="https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epas-administrator">Cabinet rank</a>, but not a Cabinet Department.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div><b style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJhS_tFB2Pc6c_TzBkUEWgk7jq-YS9qKiJQwpFfR79Cb8Xmdio87bsAR-YbB5C1XLQ72gyT1xsVlxfey3Es2DINunywng844SNU4Dteh-V41P7SwY31WuAilupfUaKJDy_UWquqp9Edhg/s538/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.20.05+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="538" data-original-width="498" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJhS_tFB2Pc6c_TzBkUEWgk7jq-YS9qKiJQwpFfR79Cb8Xmdio87bsAR-YbB5C1XLQ72gyT1xsVlxfey3Es2DINunywng844SNU4Dteh-V41P7SwY31WuAilupfUaKJDy_UWquqp9Edhg/w95-h103/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.20.05+AM.png" width="95" /></a></div>Executive Office of the President, </b><b style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Chief of Staff (SENATE CONFIRMATION NOT REQUIRED):</b><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"> </span><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/12/politics/supreme-court-ron-klain-biden-chief-of-staff/index.html" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Ron Klain</a><span style="color: #202124;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;"> (pronounced KLANE). </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 17px;">An alum of the Obama-Biden administration, Klain had previously been Biden's chief of staff when he was vice president, which </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);">includes</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 17px;"> the post-2009 economic crisis. He was appointed President Obama's Ebola czar in 2014.</span></span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/WHCOS" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Ron Klain</a><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;"> (Chief of Staff), </span><a href="https://twitter.com/WhiteHouse" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;" target="_blank">@WhiteHouse</a><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #131516;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22);"> or <u>@WHCOS</u></span></span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516;">. (<b>Deputy Chief of Staff: </b>Bruce Reed.)</span></div><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588235294118; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647058823529em; max-width: 680px; padding: 0px 15px; position: static; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;"></p><div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0gD8Eml32_qYnqzppxEyqF4yufLLWWBj6mFNGdmNKdIwVEOO0Id_IwT_M0K2CEn9-hUU_bOZMgXoUvzd2xLuof7YvDIR-pD2GDkluP_uBU1_GVkDZ-grlhHEnVRgRmsbfR5ejInvGnA/s268/Avril+Haines+.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="268" data-original-width="260" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0gD8Eml32_qYnqzppxEyqF4yufLLWWBj6mFNGdmNKdIwVEOO0Id_IwT_M0K2CEn9-hUU_bOZMgXoUvzd2xLuof7YvDIR-pD2GDkluP_uBU1_GVkDZ-grlhHEnVRgRmsbfR5ejInvGnA/w116-h122/Avril+Haines+.png" width="116" /></a></div>National Intelligence Director (FIRST NOMINATION CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE, 84-10 ): </b><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/joe-biden-foreign-policy-national-security-cabinet/index.html">Avril Haines</a>. Two-hour confirmation hearing, Select Committee on Intelligence. <a href="https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/hearings/open-hearing-nomination-avril-haines-be-director-national-intelligence">https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/hearings/open-hearing-nomination-avril-haines-be-director-national-intelligence</a>. </div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a>.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">(<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/" style="color: #202124;">National Security Council:</a><span style="color: #202124;"> </span><b style="color: #202124;">National Security Adviser: </b><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/22/us/politics/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state.html?campaign_id=56&emc=edit_cn_20201123&instance_id=24381&nl=on-politics-with-lisa-lerer&regi_id=34957632&segment_id=45217&te=1&user_id=bc3445eea3220e6f669921e6ec35cf31" style="color: #202124;">Jake Sullivan</a><span style="color: #202124;">. Rhodes Scholar. This is not a cabinet-level position.)</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #202124;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>OMB Director:</b> </span></span></span><a href="https://thehill.com/policy/finance/527947-biden-announces-key-members-of-economic-team" style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;">Neera Tanden</a><span style="color: #202124;"> on March 2 </span><a href="https://thehill.com/policy/finance/540289-tanden-withdraws-nomination-as-biden-budget-chief" style="color: #202124;">withdrew her name from consideration</a><span style="color: #202124;">; President Biden has therefore withdrawn it from the list of nominees before the Senate for confirmation.</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #202124;"> (</span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/23/us/shalanda-young-biden-administration.html">Deputy Director </a></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(82, 82, 82);"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/23/us/shalanda-young-biden-administration.html">Shalanda Young</a> has been confirmed; this is not a Cabinet-level position).</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></div><div><span><b style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbOHpYmAyHOu4wjLWtZlnKN8H9QO5elBJe6CQ99ns8pEM0SEvKDCBc98CMyv7UR56vZCATUp6vBuSG-MUPLgoTFLifZVXMCscTx5rH5rVry0LIDwnofwmeasAD3DqcH29sG-l9DpZXgqU/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="238" height="108" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbOHpYmAyHOu4wjLWtZlnKN8H9QO5elBJe6CQ99ns8pEM0SEvKDCBc98CMyv7UR56vZCATUp6vBuSG-MUPLgoTFLifZVXMCscTx5rH5rVry0LIDwnofwmeasAD3DqcH29sG-l9DpZXgqU/w95-h108/Screen+Shot+2021-01-17+at+2.32.49+AM.png" width="95" /></a></div>Science Adviser.<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00118-8"> </a></b><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00118-8" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Eric Lander</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 12px;">. This position is newly elevated under President-Elect Biden to cabinet level.</span></span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 12px;"> <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/biden-names-top-geneticist-eric-lander-as-science-adviser/">Lander was a leader of the Human </a></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/biden-names-top-geneticist-eric-lander-as-science-adviser/">Genome</a></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/biden-names-top-geneticist-eric-lander-as-science-adviser/"> Project</a>. He </span></span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-size: 17px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">directs the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). Twitter: </span></span><a href="https://twitter.com/eric_lander" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Eric Lander</a>.</div></div></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMbvtRnZ2hmJYUw9ucSBif4CIZKNso6-CN-ulUObdOO4OYqlgmXC2VauL6TDcFLspGNILbc6-TEGi-aZihphau5qIBc91SBbB-vJ3XjAFCQXco_Lt3jSVDWClXN1JOKvqMpDmElohOBFI/s434/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.06.58+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="434" height="89" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMbvtRnZ2hmJYUw9ucSBif4CIZKNso6-CN-ulUObdOO4OYqlgmXC2VauL6TDcFLspGNILbc6-TEGi-aZihphau5qIBc91SBbB-vJ3XjAFCQXco_Lt3jSVDWClXN1JOKvqMpDmElohOBFI/w96-h89/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.06.58+AM.png" width="96" /></a></div><b>Small Business Administration. </b>Isabel Guzman.<b> </b>Comes from the California<b> </b>Office of the Small Business Advocate. Former deputy chief of staff at the SBA and a small business entrepreneur.</span></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI2kiQWWNg5yoWmmEJt7Sc2Y0n_HanHR6a2SWCqXuk-o4QBKUaJbskhUeWINSldnkWw4zebTgMLR8MtyePwfRrQLAT2ZnUGb9jzzRr6IGPVDzzPc60f2nukB4na8upEFkvwJsC4dEJji4/s548/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+1.58.59+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="548" height="85" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI2kiQWWNg5yoWmmEJt7Sc2Y0n_HanHR6a2SWCqXuk-o4QBKUaJbskhUeWINSldnkWw4zebTgMLR8MtyePwfRrQLAT2ZnUGb9jzzRr6IGPVDzzPc60f2nukB4na8upEFkvwJsC4dEJji4/w91-h85/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+1.58.59+AM.png" width="91" /></a></div>U.N. Ambassador (CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE, February 23)</b>: <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/linda-thomas-greenfield-biden-expected-us-un-ambassador/">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>. The post was non-Cabinet status under Trump, but was restored by President-Elect Bide</span><span style="font-family: arial;">n. S<span style="caret-color: rgb(16, 16, 16); color: #101010;">he was ambassador to Liberia and then Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs in 2013-2017.</span></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;"><b style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepQJGrfDwIQtpewCK1l3-8Er7hQ7TXajD4vNsRuwUE15IthEhSeubibyLT-k3H1bNi9l9d-QB78AH6sno26I6aELqOGToFBcGwrTVLTYqV0ibxJizoDvZL5RVHVx5Spph6ptpC_Qe4b4/s458/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.15.02+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="458" data-original-width="446" height="89" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepQJGrfDwIQtpewCK1l3-8Er7hQ7TXajD4vNsRuwUE15IthEhSeubibyLT-k3H1bNi9l9d-QB78AH6sno26I6aELqOGToFBcGwrTVLTYqV0ibxJizoDvZL5RVHVx5Spph6ptpC_Qe4b4/w86-h89/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.15.02+AM.png" width="86" /></a></div><br /></b>U.S. Trade Representative</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;">: <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/03/17/tai-trade-biden/">Katherine Tai</a>. First woman of color to hold this position.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(16, 16, 16); color: #101010;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(16, 16, 16); color: #101010;"></span></span></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>III. OTHER KEY APPOINTEES</b></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><b style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMMgQi1IoOU76o6X4Kdw_4XPM2XHbjDLcJ78-Tum1AzCuS2v_seCGC1rU6be7S-ybVQsCWnp7PaZl5mjPkbApkiuv8ClQ15ViHDQpwI86IiFHG0Se_EyXtaJaEtHukAnW5xp2iLp0Gt8I/s284/Screen+Shot+2021-01-11+at+9.10.11+AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="284" data-original-width="264" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMMgQi1IoOU76o6X4Kdw_4XPM2XHbjDLcJ78-Tum1AzCuS2v_seCGC1rU6be7S-ybVQsCWnp7PaZl5mjPkbApkiuv8ClQ15ViHDQpwI86IiFHG0Se_EyXtaJaEtHukAnW5xp2iLp0Gt8I/w73-h78/Screen+Shot+2021-01-11+at+9.10.11+AM.png" width="73" /></a></div>CIA Director: </b><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2021/01/11/955588842/william-burns-is-bidens-pick-to-lead-cia">William J. (Bill) Burns</a>. Retired from State Department as Deputy Secretary in 2014. Former ambassador to Russia and Jordan. President of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Was elevated under Trump to Cabinet level, but is not included in WaPo list as of January 16. Reports to Director of National Intelligence (Avril Haines). <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/william-burns-cia-director-confirmation-hearting/2021/02/24/5622f26e-7618-11eb-948d-19472e683521_story.html">Bipartisan support</a> in Intelligence Committee.</span></span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Climate Special </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);">Presidential</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"> Envoy:</span></span></b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-harris-meet-mayors-covid-cases-soar-n1248596" style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">John Kerry</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">. The new position was recommended by </span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/525467-progressives-unveil-biden-cabinet-wish-list" style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Justice Democrats and the Sunrise Movement</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">. </span></span><b style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">National Climate Adviser:</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-to-tap-jennifer-granholm-for-energy-secretary-11608072614?st=b2tbept7xl5x5ap&reflink=article_email_share" style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Gina McCarthy</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">.</span></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div><b style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Communications Director</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">: <a href="https://www.newsday.com/?user=5b45e8ba05e94e14a1457da9&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=1600">Kate Bedingfield</a>. </span></span><b style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Press Secretary</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">: </span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.newsday.com/?user=5b45e8ba05e94e14a1457da9&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=1600">Jen(n<span style="caret-color: rgb(38, 38, 38);">ifer)</span> Psaki</a>. Twitter: </span></span><a href="https://twitter.com/PressSec" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #012e4f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" target="_blank">Jen Psaki</a><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;">. <b>VP Press Secretary:</b> Twitter: <a href="@sabrinasingh24"> Sabrina Singh</a></span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 22); color: #131516; font-size: 16px;">.</span></div><div><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><b>Council on Environmental Quality</b>, <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/12/17/947355441/biden-to-nominate-brenda-mallory-to-run-council-on-environmental-quality">Chair: Brenda Mallory</a></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><b>Domestic Policy Council, Director</b>: <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/10/biden-taps-susan-rice-for-top-white-house-domestic-policy-job-444231">Susan Rice</a>.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><b>National Economic Council, Director:</b> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/03/business/brian-deese-national-economic-council.html">Brian Deese</a>.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;">The following table includes only the fifteen agency heads, the original definition of the cabinet. </span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px; width: 95px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Nomination</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px; width: 71px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Announced</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px; width: 63px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Hearings</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px; width: 72px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Received</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px; width: 70px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Confirmed</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px; width: 95px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Vote</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Agriculture</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Tom Vilsack</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 8, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Feb 2, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Feb 23, 3021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">92-7 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00063"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><u>Vote No. 63</u></span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Attorney General</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Merrick Garland</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 7, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Feb 22, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mar 10, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">70-30</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Commerce</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Gina Raimondo</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 7, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 26, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mar 2, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">84-15 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00070"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><u>Vote No. 70</u></span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Defense</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Lloyd Austin</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 9, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 19, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Jan 22, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">93-2 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00005"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><u>Vote No. 5</u></span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Education</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Miguel Cardona</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 23, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Feb 3, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mar 1, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">64-33 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00068"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><u>Vote No. 68</u></span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Energy</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jennifer Granholm</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 17, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 27, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Feb 25, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">64-35 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00066"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><u>Vote No. 66</u></span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Health & Human Services</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Xavier Becerra</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 8, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Feb 23, 2021</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Feb 24, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><b>March 18, 2021</b></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Homeland Security</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Alejandro Mayorkas</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Nov 23, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 19, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Feb 2, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">56-43 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00012"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">No. 12</span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Housing & Urban Development</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Marcia Fudge</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 8, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 28, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mar 10, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">66-34</span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Interior</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Deb Haaland</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 19, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Feb 23-24, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;">March 2021</p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Labor</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Marty Walsh</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 8, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Feb 4, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;">March 22, 2021</p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of State</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Antony Blinken</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Nov 23, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 19, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Jan 26, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">78-22 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00007"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">No. 7</span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Transportation</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Peter Buttigieg</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 16, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 21, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Feb 2, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">86-13 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00011"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">No. 11</span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Treasury</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Janet Yellen</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Nov 30, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 19, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Jan 25, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">84-15 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00006"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">No. 6</span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #c1c1c1; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 479px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Secretary of Veterans Affairs</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Denis McDonough</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dec 11, 2020</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 27, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jan 20, 2021</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Feb 8, 2021</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">87-7 <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00055"><span style="color: #266b99; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><u>No. 55</u></span></a></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">CONFIRMED</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>15</b></span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 11px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">NOT CON-FIRMED</span></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 69px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 70px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 68px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;">0</p></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 12px; padding: 1px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p></td></tr></tbody></table></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><b>IV. SOURCES ABOUT THE CABINET AND ITS CHALLENGES</b></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></div><div><span face="Lato, sans-serif"><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/watch-live-biden-speaks-on-plan-for-covid-19-economic-relief">President's economic plan</a> (January 22, 2021)</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/opinion/biden-inauguration-democrats.html">Biden must make changes that are visible to all</a> (Ezra Klein, January 21)</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/534930-biden-to-sign-flurry-of-executive-actions-in-first-hours-of-presidency">Inaugural Executive Actions (53 over ten days)</a> (January 20) </span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-biggest-challenge-facing-joe-bidens-new-economic-team">Biggest economic challenge</a>. </span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/11/biden-transition-lessons-from-fdr.html">Notes from FDR's transition.</a> </span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/01/business/economy/biden-economy-stimulus.html?campaign_id=2&emc=edit_th_20201202&instance_id=24620&nl=todaysheadlines&regi_id=34957632&segment_id=45839&user_id=bc3445eea3220e6f669921e6ec35cf31">Biden urges economic stimulus soon.</a> </span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/04/upshot/jobs-report-unemployment.html">Worrisome impact of Covid—many unemployed are not returning to the workforce</a>.</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px;">- </span><a href="https://fortune.com/2020/12/07/biden-economic-team-treasury-janet-yellen-omb-neera-tanden/"><i>Fortune</i>'s take</a> on the economic team.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;">-<a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/529749-biden-forms-team-of-insiders?userid=431150"> "Team of Insiders"</a></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;">- <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-elect-joe-bidens-top-level-appointees-cabinet/story?id=74362384">Biden Cabinet to Be the Most Diverse Ever</a> (December 19, 2020)</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;">- <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/america-101-what-is-the-cabinet-video?cmpid=email-hist-inside-history-2020-1209-12092020&om_rid=&~campaign=hist-inside-history-2020-1209" style="font-size: 18.66666603088379px;">Origin of the Cabinet</a></div></span></div></span></span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-21605795833914237572020-12-02T23:26:00.008-08:002020-12-02T23:31:31.375-08:00BIDEN TRANSITION | Economic Team (Guest Post by Dana Chasin)<div><b><span><i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFsby9uG5uwJP-IVuYtujUNHPtk5-U_ol-mEWBFIL5Lulz31ut5gtdT2CXJGvtXXM9YrCHOQ83T68Hyuvr7ho_aDfGBaoAVcSLQiBv5rKVoAw01QHDjFp1yMe6qdTfnSMghY9Ha1e94ZE/s324/Screen+Shot+2020-12-03+at+2.16.04+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="134" data-original-width="324" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFsby9uG5uwJP-IVuYtujUNHPtk5-U_ol-mEWBFIL5Lulz31ut5gtdT2CXJGvtXXM9YrCHOQ83T68Hyuvr7ho_aDfGBaoAVcSLQiBv5rKVoAw01QHDjFp1yMe6qdTfnSMghY9Ha1e94ZE/w400-h165/Screen+Shot+2020-12-03+at+2.16.04+AM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;">The following guest post, on the President-Elect's economic appointments so far, is by Dana Chasin of 20/20 Vision in Washington, D.C. A fuller list of senior</span></i></span></b><b><span style="font-size: large;"><i> Biden appointees, and some contenders for unfilled positions, </i><a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/11/biden-transition-cabinet-and-senior.html" style="font-style: italic;">may be found here</a>. <i>The list is regularly updated.</i></span></b> </div><div><br /></div><div>Biden’s intent to gather a progressive coalition, perhaps the most diverse in history, is manifest. Janet Yellen was appointed last week as Treasury Secretary. Yellen would be the first woman to fill this position, if she is confirmed. </div><div><br /></div><div>Now Biden has chosen to fill out much of his economic team with five talented, experienced policy advisors and researchers. Several of them would also be historic firsts in their roles. However, confirmation struggles loom. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Neera Tanden (OMB Director). </b>If confirmed, Neera Tanden would be the first woman of color to head the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in history. Tanden, a longtime Clinton ally and mainstay on cable news, helped found the left-leaning Center for American Progress in 2003 and is its current Chief Operating Officer. Her policy specialty is healthcare, having successfully helped draft the Affordable Care Act and shepherd it through Congress. More recently, her focus has been on the COVID pandemic and its economic fallout. New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy named Tanden to the state’s Restart and Recovery Commission this past April.
OMB is a giant executive branch agency, in charge of evaluating performance of federal programs and policies, ensuring they align with the White House’s budget and priorities. Tanden is perhaps the most controversial of nominees put forward by the Biden team so far, never mincing words while critiquing both the right and far left. Her confirmation is no sure thing, and the upcoming Senate fight will be nothing if not engaging; we wish her the best. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Wally Adeyemo (Deputy Treasury Secretary).</b> Biden has announced his intention to nominate Obama Foundation president and economist Adewale “Wally” Adeyemo to be deputy secretary of the Treasury Department. Under President Obama, Adeyemo served as deputy director of the National Economic Council, assistant secretary for International Markets and Development at Treasury (as well as deputy chief of staff of the Treasury), and chief of staff of the newly formed Consumer Financial Protection Bureau under the leadership of Elizabeth Warren.
When Adeyemo left the White House in 2016, he signed on as a senior adviser at the investment firm BlackRock, as well as at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Adeyemo, a 39-year old Nigerian-born attorney with impeccable academic credentials to match his wealth of expertise, will likely sail through the Senate confirmation and become the first African American Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Cecilia Rouse (Chair, Council of Economic Advisors).</b> The Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) is a three-person team tasked with providing data and advice to the president on domestic and international economic matters. The agency produces the annual Economic Report of the President, which assesses the state of the economy and outlines economic goals for the coming year.
Cecilia Rouse would be the fourth woman and first Black woman to serve as Chair of the CEA. Currently dean of the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Rouse is well-known for her work on labor economics, education, and workplace discrimination. In a renowned paper with Claudia Goldin, Rouse showed that employers were more likely to hire women applicants when the applicants were judged "blind", i.e., without knowledge of the applicants’ genders.
During the Clinton presidency, Rouse served on the National Economic Council. Later, as a member of President Obama’s CEA, she advocated for increased fiscal stimulus in the wake of the 2008 recession. While her past confirmation to the CEA occurred in 2009 when Democrats controlled the Senate, Rouse’s previous experience in presidential administrations should smooth her path to confirmation, although conservative Republican Senators are sure to oppose her nomination. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Jared Bernstein (Member, CEA). </b>Biden has also nominated the other members of his CEA. Jared Bernstein, currently a senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a left-leaning fiscal policy think tank, has been a prominent economic advisor for Biden for years. Bernstein was chief economist to Vice President Biden from 2009-2016 and played a major role in crafting the $800 billion economic rescue package in 2009. During the campaign, he continued to serve as one of Biden’s top economic advisors.
A longtime defender of the working and middle class and advisor to 20/20 Vision, Bernstein is also a known critic of free trade agreements, and he will refocus U.S. trade policy to benefit workers and balance trade relations. Further, throughout the pandemic, Bernstein has advocated for increased deficit spending, particularly on enhanced unemployment benefits. Bernstein’s nomination is a concrete indication of Biden’s commitment to smart, focused policymaking. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Heather Boushey (Member, CEA).</b> Long-time advisor to President-elect Biden, Heather Boushey will serve as another member of Biden’s CEA. Boushey is currently the president and chief executive of the Washington Center for Equitable Growth, a nonprofit she co-founded in 2013. Boushey is best known for her 2019 book, Unbound, in which she identifies the ways that economic inequality undermines economic growth. During the COVID-19 crisis, Boushey has advocated for automatic stabilizers — both for unemployment benefits and state and local aid.
Prior to heading the Washington Center, Boushey served as an economist for the Center for American Progress, the Joint Economic Committee, the Center for Economic and Policy Research, and the Economic Policy Institute. Boushey would have served as Chief Economist for Hillary Clinton’s 2016 transition team. At the CEA, Boushey will continue to push for policies that will facilitate an inclusive post-COVID economic recovery. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Summary. </b> In strong contrast to the previous administration, Biden’s economic team is characterized by expertise, diversity, and inclusive economic policies. While Biden was perhaps the most moderate of the Democratic presidential candidates during the primary, his nominees are committed to addressing economic inequality and protecting the most vulnerable Americans. Their confirmations will also be among the first tests of Mitch McConnell’s obstructiveness should Republicans keep control of the Senate. If they are confirmed, come 2021, we can expect Biden’s White House to put forward a large relief and stimulus package, which will be crucial to keeping small businesses, states, and families — that is, the economy — afloat until the virus is under control.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-74741646661726532762020-12-01T12:02:00.004-08:002020-12-01T12:02:48.103-08:00GEORGIA ON MY MIND | Guest Post by Heidi Fiske<p><span style="font-size: large;"><i><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAGfUSPPww1otyNtIoRPeZFnYs2G3s4Oc92J83qYXMLSe5orJP5smaBi34S6yGliNW_0ZMrHXMTV7gZTsBX9s_nWqz_pu111d7-8GH8Ew9o_Yr-PpUuvbJCq9O28laVclXGnDTX9s_fWs/s512/Screen+Shot+2020-12-01+at+2.08.56+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="512" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAGfUSPPww1otyNtIoRPeZFnYs2G3s4Oc92J83qYXMLSe5orJP5smaBi34S6yGliNW_0ZMrHXMTV7gZTsBX9s_nWqz_pu111d7-8GH8Ew9o_Yr-PpUuvbJCq9O28laVclXGnDTX9s_fWs/w400-h201/Screen+Shot+2020-12-01+at+2.08.56+PM.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">USA Today Graphic </span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><b>The following email was sent to this blogsite by Heidi Fiske, who has posted here before. </b></i></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>It's about the two important January 5 runoff elections in Georgia, both for the U.S. Senate.</b></i></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><i><u>From Heidi Fiske:</u></i></span></p><p><span face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Dear democrat,</span></p><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px; word-wrap: break-word;"><b class="yiv0728236452">You hoped your political work would be done November 3 but no... </b><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #ff2600; font-size: small; text-align: center;"><b class="yiv0728236452">the most game-changing actions you can take this election cycle may be what you do NOW. This is about</b></span><b class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #ff2600; text-align: center;"> how and where to help.</b></div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px; word-wrap: break-word;"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px; word-wrap: break-word;">If Biden is to be effective we need to control the Senate, and that won’t happen unless Democrats Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock win their runoff Senate races in Georgia on January 5. If they lose, Republicans control the Senate 52-48. If they win, it is 50-50 and VP Harris can break any tie. </div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px; word-wrap: break-word;"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #008f00;"><b class="yiv0728236452"><u class="yiv0728236452">Don’t send money to the campaigns yet</u></b>...</span></div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px; word-wrap: break-word;"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px; word-wrap: break-word;">One of the savviest political activists I know states: "My advice is to wait. There is so much money pouring into Georgia that it is almost impossible to know who can use the funds effectively.” And a few very large donations are expected within a week.</div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18.66666603088379px; word-wrap: break-word;"><br class="yiv0728236452" /><div class="yiv0728236452">It may be a somewhat different story for groups seeking to register voters (registration ends next week, December 7) and to get out the vote, especially in particular communities— actions that both Republicans and Democrats agree are key to winning these races (as opposed to persuading people to change their vote). If you give to any such group, be sure it is one with an <u class="yiv0728236452">ongoing</u> presence, so that if the money isn’t used in these races, it will work in 2021-22. </div><div class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #008f00;"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></span></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><u class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #008f00;">… but do </span><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #ff2600;">volunteer,</span><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #008f00;"> provided... </span></u></b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452">Georgians can be downright <u class="yiv0728236452">rude</u> about out-of-staters “parachuting in, telling us what to do as if they know more than we do,” says SE Georgia organizer Amanda Hollowell. And their frankness is a <i class="yiv0728236452"><u class="yiv0728236452">good</u></i> thing, because they’re telling you how to be effective. Here’s some of what they say:</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><ul class="yiv0728236452"><li class="yiv0728236452">While the election is of national importance to you, the issues that are going to get Georgians fired up and to the polls – especially in rural communities of color – are entirely local: notably health care access; COVID; environmental justice; criminal justice reform; and treatment of immigrants. “Take back the Senate” cuts no ice here. Says Black Voters Matter’s Wanda Moseley, “it’s not about what the nation needs. It’s about what black voters need. If it isn’t about that they won’t come out. Period.”</li><li class="yiv0728236452">Two important groups to get on board are Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI), who cast 91.3% more ballots in 2020 than 2016, and Hispanics: who cast 72.2% more. But each group is varied, and the differences are important, so let the locals teach you how to approach them.</li><li class="yiv0728236452">Georgia has many ways to suppress the vote. You will need to understand them, because your major value may be helping people navigate the system.</li><li class="yiv0728236452">Don’t come to work on the ground. First, there’s COVID. Second, plenty of people already do it. Finally, obvious out-of-staters trying to exert influence may raise hackles. One exception: poll watching if you are a lawyer</li><li class="yiv0728236452">There are places where digital outreach does not work “because lack of broadband aligns exactly with Black and brown communities.” </li><li class="yiv0728236452">However you are interacting with Georgians, take it slow and be a friend, not an official. “Georgia voters are tired, overwhelmed,” says Fair Fight’s Hillary Holley. “They want to hear from people they trust, so come at them with grace.”</li></ul></div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="text-align: center;"><span class="yiv0728236452"><u class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #ff2600; font-size: small;"><b class="yiv0728236452">Groups to work with</b></span></u></span></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452">Well over forty highly credible progressive organizations are fighting this fight in Georgia. The few listed below match one or all of the following criteria: They use out of state volunteers; were recommended by several reliable sources; and/or reach special cohorts. Shown in alphabetical order.</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">America Votes<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="http://americavotes.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">americavotes.org</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">AV assembles national and state-based coalitions to advance progressive policies and increase voter turnout for Democratic candidates. In Georgia it coordinates the activities of a dozen or more local and national groups so that all bases are covered and none are duplicated.</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities<span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: blue; font-size: 12px;"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdfKPID0RoAGR2KUsg1sWHioMFVKfk0lTSUzQ-xVWElv1pjOg/viewform?gxids=7757" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdfKPID0RoAGR2KUsg1sWHioMFVKfk0lTSUzQ-xVWElv1pjOg/viewform?gxids=7757</a></span></div><div class="yiv0728236452">You can check off any of thirteen organizations for which to volunteer (including several listed separately here), or choose among these activities: phone banking, texting, canvassing, writing postcards. </div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Asian American Advocacy Fund </b></div><div class="yiv0728236452">AAAF advocates for national, state and local policies that will improve the lives of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders and all immigrant populations in Georgia. Though this cohort is small, in a race that may well be won at the margins these energized voters could play an important role. (As noted, they increased their votes more than 91% between 2016 and 2020.).</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities</b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://www.asianamericanadvocacyfund.org/volunteer" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.asianamericanadvocacyfund.org/volunteer</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">phone banking, text banking, postcards</div></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Black Voters Matter<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://blackvotersmatterfund.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://blackvotersmatterfund.org/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">“At BVM, we … are NOT an electoral organization. We are, first and foremost, a power building organization.” BVM works year-round in many communities to make sure that the issues that matter to black communities have political heft.</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities</b><span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="font-weight: bold; white-space: pre;"> </span><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://survey123.arcgis.com/share/d448cd331da240798d118262a8b2f824" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://survey123.arcgis.com/share/d448cd331da240798d118262a8b2f824</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">texting, phone banking, postcard writing, social media campaigning, </div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Fair Fight<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://fairfight.com/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://fairfight.com/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">Fair Fight is a national voting rights organization founded in Georgia by Stacey Abrams. It is the leading voting rights groups in Georgia. Count on them to know the landscape everywhere and to offer fine training.</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities </b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://fairfight.com/join-our-fight/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://fairfight.com/join-our-fight/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">poll worker, “line warming,” calling voters, texting voters. Can always use lawyers</div></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Flip the West <span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://www.flipthewest.com/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.flipthewest.com/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">“Harnessing grassroots power to take back the Senate. Current target: Georgia."</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b>(phone banking) <a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://www.mobilize.us/flipthewest/event/362350/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.mobilize.us/flipthewest/event/362350/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">(post card writing) <a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://www.mobilize.us/flipthewest/event/362341/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.mobilize.us/flipthewest/event/362341/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">phone banking and postcard writing</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">MomsRising<span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://www.momsrising.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.momsrising.org</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">Million-member organization targeting voting blocs that turned significantly more progressive between 2016 and 2020: suburban white mothers; unmarried white mothers; and low propensity voters of color. Helping to get out the vote in Georgia now.</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities</b> <a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://action.momsrising.org/survey/MRAdvocacy_2020/?source=action" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://action.momsrising.org/survey/MRAdvocacy_2020/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">call leaders, write postcards, text, share MomsRising social media with your networks</div></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Poder Latinx</b><span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="font-weight: bold; white-space: pre;"> </span><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://poderlatinx.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://poderlatinx.org/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">“Votar es poder.” Presently seeking bilingual volunteers for Georgia</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://poderlatinx.org/contact" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://poderlatinx.org/contact</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">register voters and get out the vote</div></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Postcards to Voters<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://postcardstovoters.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://postcardstovoters.org/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><div class="yiv0728236452">This is the original postcard program, founded, in Georgia, by “TonytheDemocrat."</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://postcardstovoters.org/volunteer/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://postcardstovoters.org/volunteer/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Voto Latino<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://votolatino.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://votolatino.org/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">national organization devoted to uniting and empowering the Latinx community. Now very active in Georgia</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">volunteer opportunities </b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://votolatino.org/article/volunteer-with-voto-latino/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://votolatino.org/article/volunteer-with-voto-latino/</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452">text banking, trainings and webinars, general advocacy and call to action alerts</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Volunteer with each campaign</b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Ossoff campaign<span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b><span class="yiv0728236452" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="yiv0728236452"> </span><a class="yiv0728236452" href="http://tinyurl.com/OssoffVolunteer" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://tinyurl.com/OssoffVolunteer</a></span></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">Warnock campaign<span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> </b><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://secure.warnockforgeorgia.com/page/s/website_vol" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://secure.warnockforgeorgia.com/page/s/website_vol</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="text-align: center;"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #ff2600; font-size: small;"><b class="yiv0728236452">And</b></span></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #008f00;">Inspire everyone you know in Georgia ...</span></b></div><div class="yiv0728236452">… to vote for these two candidates, and to get all their friends out to do so. Check your contact list for “GA” “Georgia” and zip codes beginning “300.” Revel in your old yearbooks as you look for forgotten classmates. After the wearying fights in 2020, it will be difficult to get people to the polls December 14 to January 5, <u class="yiv0728236452">so every vote will matter</u>!</div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Talking points</b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><ul class="yiv0728236452MailOutline"><li class="yiv0728236452">Biden cannot be effective, hence this country cannot move forward, unless Democrats control the Senate. McConnell has proved this again and again since 2009.</li><li class="yiv0728236452">Here we have two fine Democratic candidates vs. two appalling (and, in the case of Perdue, corrupt) Trumpers</li></ul><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Organizations that can train you to leverage your Georgia contacts: </b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><ul class="yiv0728236452MailOutline"><li class="yiv0728236452"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://www.votetripling.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.votetripling.org</a>;</li><li class="yiv0728236452"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://traindemocrats.org/vote-tripling/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://traindemocrats.org/vote-tripling/</a></li></ul><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #008f00;">Galvanize your Republican friends</span></b></div></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452">Use the take-no-prisoners arguments and ads of the Lincoln Project, founded by Republican strategists determined to defeat Trump. One might have expected them to support a Republican-controlled Senate to offset a Democratic President. But to their great credit, they also are fighting as hard as we are to have a Democrat-controlled Senate, because they want to defeat anti-democratic Trump<u class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452">ism.</b></u> <a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://lincolnproject.us/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://lincolnproject.us/</a> </div><div class="yiv0728236452"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><div class="yiv0728236452"><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #008f00;">Resources</span></b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #008f00;"><br class="yiv0728236452" /></span></b></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><b class="yiv0728236452"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="font-weight: normal;">Excellent, non-partisan guides to all the candidates’ positions. These are also available in Spanish from <a class="yiv0728236452" href="http://campuselect.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">campuselect.org</a> : </span></b><span class="yiv0728236452" face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><ul class="yiv0728236452" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="yiv0728236452MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="yiv0728236452s2"><span class="yiv0728236452" face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #363636;"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://campuselect.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Georgia-Senate-Runoff-Key-Info.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">Georgia runoff key logistical info</a></span></span><span class="yiv0728236452" face="Arial, sans-serif"></span></span></li><li class="yiv0728236452MsoListParagraph" style="color: #363636; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="yiv0728236452MsoHyperlink" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="yiv0728236452" face="Arial, sans-serif"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://campuselect.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Georgia-Senate-Ossoff-Perdue-runoff-nonpartisan-guide.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">Ossoff/Perdue US Senate nonpartisan guide </a></span></span><span class="yiv0728236452MsoHyperlink" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #363636; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span></li><li class="yiv0728236452MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span class="yiv0728236452MsoHyperlink" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="yiv0728236452" face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12px;"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://campuselect.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Georgia-Senate-Loeffler-Warnock-runoff-nonpartisan-guide.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">Loeffler/Warnock US Senate nonpartisan guide </a></span></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><p class="yiv0728236452MsoNormal"><b class="yiv0728236452">Thanks to:</b><span class="yiv0728236452"> Evan Kost, (AV coordinates GOTV groups nationwide and in select states)<span class="yiv0728236452apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://americavotes.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank"><span class="yiv0728236452">https://americavotes.org</span></a><span class="yiv0728236452">; Jane Whitney (wise readable commentary):<span class="yiv0728236452apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="yiv0728236452"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="http://www.conversationsonthegreen.com/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">www.conversationsonthegreen.com</a>; Deepak Puri, founder of the DemLabs (free/affordable apps for political work):<span class="yiv0728236452apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="yiv0728236452"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="https://thedemlabs.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://thedemlabs.org/</a>. </span>Also: Richard O, Craig K, Ellen BN, Victor K, Trey B, Chris B, Daniel S, Sally M, Larry H, Paul L</p><div class="yiv0728236452"><div class="yiv0728236452"><i class="yiv0728236452" style="color: #0329d7; font-family: Garamond; font-size: 20px;">Heidi</i></div><div class="yiv0728236452"><div style="font-family: Arial;"><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Heidi Fiske</div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a class="yiv0728236452" href="mailto:heidifiske@hfiske.com" rel="nofollow" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:heidifiske@hfiske.com">heidifiske@hfiske.com</a></div><div class="yiv0728236452" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">212-721-0140</div></div><br class="yiv0728236452Apple-interchange-newline" /><img class="yiv0728236452" id="yiv0728236452E01B0AD0-4C55-488C-A1ED-AE0A6B077302" src="https://dl-mail.aolmail.com/ws/download/mailboxes/@.id==VjN-lT8n8iCwiz8Vg91Md8TTRHdEwlD3XHGruftHaxnkhB_b_IOlOI2XZK59J844RFqDC2q565EQb9Q_CLSwgSefAw/messages/@.id==ALPjfHAK7p-9X8aQmAdTAMhzYuU/content/parts/@.id==2.2/raw?appid=aolwebmail&ymreqid=ef2fa0df-211a-9c2e-2fa4-d6000c01de00&token=zitEzqOML3j84e6ealFTT5U7-km5qEQF52lp7AcCuBYTU0GkS-n_mTSBYUYS5yx4xee7muDa2Oi7JTb0D5pVTtv8g6U4jZdkrn0nzjhEWoMLarnrkRBv1D8ItLCBJ58D" style="visibility: visible;" /></div></div></div></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-84854703195911102872020-11-16T11:40:00.003-08:002020-11-16T11:40:35.139-08:00REPUBLICAN STATES | By Presidency<p>November 16, 2020—Posted on Reddit. Reminder that Minnesota hasn't voted GOP since Nixon. New York not since Reagan. California and Illinois not since Bush 41... Only DC has never voted Republican.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4OlaoHBRZCDlcwWYbWCI5akIMg2YIFurDiGVIYHAGaIFU4YVnBDU7wEjkVnZFbNRq0rg7GjZXthWnDuWzNWWx91DXml-peN_1EBKUO8e_DyUroSZKP6DETCp7eZJWNOJlxii15eT8jK0/s1408/Screen+Shot+2020-11-16+at+2.36.28+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="906" data-original-width="1408" height="413" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4OlaoHBRZCDlcwWYbWCI5akIMg2YIFurDiGVIYHAGaIFU4YVnBDU7wEjkVnZFbNRq0rg7GjZXthWnDuWzNWWx91DXml-peN_1EBKUO8e_DyUroSZKP6DETCp7eZJWNOJlxii15eT8jK0/w640-h413/Screen+Shot+2020-11-16+at+2.36.28+PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-52258231988704521132020-11-15T15:23:00.002-08:002020-11-15T15:23:24.145-08:00ECONOMIST JOB OPENING | In Washington, D.C.<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgReao0oGsHWhVBtTuRBHyTrszi7OvQglRJXcrLUmx5Yw6z0J6LFck5GbTjSI6Q_LZrvdu79XOixDiGR62Yv72IWJBf965xKSPfHXfvkeyAwLlXjyav3oyxsifE2laUugpMTbaJRtEnkas/s724/Screen+Shot+2020-11-15+at+6.19.41+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="688" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgReao0oGsHWhVBtTuRBHyTrszi7OvQglRJXcrLUmx5Yw6z0J6LFck5GbTjSI6Q_LZrvdu79XOixDiGR62Yv72IWJBf965xKSPfHXfvkeyAwLlXjyav3oyxsifE2laUugpMTbaJRtEnkas/w268-h282/Screen+Shot+2020-11-15+at+6.19.41+PM.png" width="268" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span>November 15, 2020—J</span><span style="color: #454545;">ob opportunity for self-starting candidates with strong communications and </span><span style="color: #454545;">critical thinking skills, with a premium on experience covering economic policy on the Hill. </span></span><p></p><blockquote style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;" type="cite"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="font-family: helvetica, arial;"><div id="yiv8401029377"><div class="yiv8401029377yqt2034912166" id="yiv8401029377yqt64915"><div class="yiv8401029377gmail_quote"><blockquote class="yiv8401029377gmail_quote" style="border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;"><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div style="font-family: helvetica, arial;"><div id="yiv8401029377gmail-m_-2943575261841980010yiv5113014800"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: #454545; font-size: large;">This position is one of a team of four economic policy analysts in an economic policy research and advocacy firm. The team works with legislators, Hill staffers, academics, public interest groups, and progressive organizations on domestic economic policy legislative and political projects with a focus on fiscal and financial policy.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: #454545;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: #454545;">Target Start Date: December 7, 2020</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: #454545;"><br clear="none" /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: #454545;">Job Description: </span><a href="http://eepurl.com/hh3ccr" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://eepurl.com/hh3ccr</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-69613911469942284972020-11-12T16:18:00.010-08:002020-12-08T18:10:40.724-08:00BIDEN TRANSITION | Lessons from FDR (updated December 2, 2020)<p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkE6fPDD89oYcav9-NPCcLHljwqr8yOf0kmW7I2urINhC5fLLBdehMiZ_48Ak3s-GguzHLCbKv1F1tarrJy-vOgUoWLrgAwZhq74NM2zyZKSKf5mH7VoTQNRN1ihVNXXbrtBGIseSRu0c/" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1044" data-original-width="1502" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkE6fPDD89oYcav9-NPCcLHljwqr8yOf0kmW7I2urINhC5fLLBdehMiZ_48Ak3s-GguzHLCbKv1F1tarrJy-vOgUoWLrgAwZhq74NM2zyZKSKf5mH7VoTQNRN1ihVNXXbrtBGIseSRu0c/w400-h278/FDR+and+Hoover.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> (Library of Congress)</span><br />Hoover traveling with FDR in silence to FDR'<br />inauguration, Saturday, March 4, 1933. <span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: large;">November 12, 2020—The <i>East Hampton Star</i> just published my political-history notes on <a href="https://www.easthamptonstar.com/opinion-guestwords/20201112/guestwords-fdrs-lessons-biden">lessons from FDR's first transition.</a></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span>—The article is <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/11/biden-transition-cabinet-and-senior.html">updated with information on most-talked-about appointments here.</a> </span><a href="https://buildbackbetter.com/the-transition/agency-review-teams/">Biden transition teams list is here.</a></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">—Some jobs <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/01/business/economy/workers-jobs-training.html?campaign_id=2&emc=edit_th_20201202&instance_id=24620&nl=todaysheadlines&regi_id=64627981&segment_id=45839&user_id=ccfb4734e8229f9c25f842134d118e1d">are not coming back even when Covid-19 is over</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">The photo of FDR and Hoover above, on their way to FDR's inauguration, is poignant. On the way, they didn't talk much. Hoover asked a favor of FDR for someone he appointed and would be left behind. FDR promised nothing.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">Although FDR served as President for more than twelve years, until his death in 1945, the President and ex-President never met again. Transitions can be brutal in both directions. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">FDR faced a mountain of challenges that Hoover had never addressed. Hoover went from being the most powerful person in a devastated world into a total eclipse by someone who knew better than Hoover what to do with the job and power that Hoover left behind.</span></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-19701036988943217842020-11-11T09:50:00.242-08:002021-03-02T16:02:56.665-08:00PRESIDENT-ELECT BIDEN'S CABINET | As of January 20, 2021<p><b style="background-color: white; color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"></b></div><span><div style="color: #202124;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7CAcdqFhGgmcwA4XvGGH3U-5zyGV6-JzHiJc05JcDkyVUN45Od7U3kGs4aA90vknIYd3S89rxKsqo8tCzLZCXGvr2xcZ3jOneH7J8QMxcOIDWE1z_OksSDKzl8f1LX21uAwEV7HBKpE/s490/Screen+Shot+2020-11-11+at+12.51.53+PM.png" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7CAcdqFhGgmcwA4XvGGH3U-5zyGV6-JzHiJc05JcDkyVUN45Od7U3kGs4aA90vknIYd3S89rxKsqo8tCzLZCXGvr2xcZ3jOneH7J8QMxcOIDWE1z_OksSDKzl8f1LX21uAwEV7HBKpE/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-11-11+at+12.51.53+PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Appointments of President <br />Biden and VP Kamala Harris</td></tr></tbody></table></div><span style="background-color: white;"><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">This post is left as it was at the time of President Biden's inauguration. It is updated with new confirmations here:</span></p><p></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2021/01/president-bidens-cabinet-history-and.html">https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2021/01/president-bidens-cabinet-history-and.html</a></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;">President Joseph Biden</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> has nominated 24 people to cabinet-level positions. </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Nearly half (eleven) are women. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The cabinet was originally composed of the heads of the largest agencies. That today is 15 people, of whom five are women. The other nine positions are cabinet rank.</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">These numbers exclude the President and Vice President Kamala Harris.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Cabinet photos always include the President, but not always the Vice President; Biden is likely to be inclusive. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(The </span><i style="font-family: arial;">Washington Post</i><span style="font-family: arial;"> photos of the cabinet on January 16 included the vice president.) </span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A</span><span style="font-family: arial;">gencies change their names and spin off new agencies that become cabinet level themselves. Who is of cabinet rank changes with every administration. Here is some history, followed by President Biden's list and confirmation status.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>The cabinet was originally five under Washington.</b> George Washington's cabinet showed five men—the President and the Secretaries of State (Jefferson), Treasury (Hamilton) and War (Knox), and the Attorney-General, heading the Justice Department (Randolph). It was formed after the middle of Washington's first term. The heads of the four agencies are in the <a href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Presidential_Succession_Act.htm" style="font-weight: normal;">order of succession</a> to the presidency in the event of the president becoming incapacitated; precedence is based on when the agencies were first created.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>FDR had a cabinet of eleven, including himself. </b>Four date back to Washington's cabinet—State (Hull), Treasury (Woodin), War (Dern), Justice (AG Cummings). Four were new—Agriculture (Wallace), Commerce (Roper), Interior (Ickes) and Labor (Perkins). The other two agencies, since dropped, were the Postmaster-General (Farley) and Navy Secretary (Swanson). </span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Biden's cabinet has the basic fifteen (plus himself and , the Vice President), plus nine other cabinet-rank positions.</b> The basic eight are the agencies on FDR's list after the two deletions, except that the Department of War on August 10, 1949 was renamed the Department of Defense. Since Roosevelt, seven agencies have been added to his surviving eight: Health and Human Services (HHS, formerly HEW), Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans Administration and Homeland Security (DHS). Total: 15 agencies.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;">The nine other appointees of cabinet </span><span style="color: #202124;"><i style="font-family: arial;">rank</i><span style="font-family: arial;"> are a separate group composed of staff members heading smaller agencies or staff groups (3 men, 6 women)—The President's Chief of Staff (no Senate confirmation required), Director of National Intelligence, Science Adviser, CEA Chair, CIA Director, EPA Administrator, OMB Director, SBA Administrator, US Trade Representative (USTR) and UN Ambassador. Sources: AP, Biden Transition, <a href="https://www.npr.org/2020/11/17/933848488/biden-administration-heres-who-has-been-nominated">NPR</a>, WaPo.</span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></p></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b>I. CABINET (Agency heads, subject to Senate confirmation). 15 (10M, 5W).</b> (WaPo's list includes the Vice President and Chief of Staff here, for a total of 17. Chief of Staff is listed here in the second group. Cabinet photos also include the President himself, which would bring the photo to 17 people.)</div></span><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><div style="font-size: 12px;"><span><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzL51CXOBNQwkQZ4r3ZcVRDifcs6l5eMb8cH38YG1nArEkqXiIggVsPhVBO07VM4eZB0qm5DoWO1TCUh6QuvPuajghFOeNIOIkwahB_9-9ePoUWmKI0Ev5ZL-u3ZfDML7REY0gkep6vOk/s926/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.03.28+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="926" data-original-width="850" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzL51CXOBNQwkQZ4r3ZcVRDifcs6l5eMb8cH38YG1nArEkqXiIggVsPhVBO07VM4eZB0qm5DoWO1TCUh6QuvPuajghFOeNIOIkwahB_9-9ePoUWmKI0Ev5ZL-u3ZfDML7REY0gkep6vOk/w63-h68/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.03.28+AM.png" width="63" /></a></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><span><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></div>Agriculture Secretary</b>: <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/07/vilsack-usda-top-choice-443424">Tom Vilsack</a>. He served as Agriculture Secretary under President Obama.</span></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></div></span><div style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDH096OR-q4QSnZ62nA1YTRWTpZ9GLFLgCtXEGVajlEvuKPrciLYlj2crDrPyyiNxIZSYqpPZUbybch2dMFKr34CxbZIdpgPDEyqOxruHFiZ8inpt-fHTWD6_a6bAPxmDXgT2oLYDxTSM/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="782" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDH096OR-q4QSnZ62nA1YTRWTpZ9GLFLgCtXEGVajlEvuKPrciLYlj2crDrPyyiNxIZSYqpPZUbybch2dMFKr34CxbZIdpgPDEyqOxruHFiZ8inpt-fHTWD6_a6bAPxmDXgT2oLYDxTSM/w64-h67/Screen+Shot+2021-01-06+at+1.14.08+PM.png" width="64" /></a></div></span></b></span><b>Attorney-General, Department of Justice:</b> <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/biden-to-name-merrick-garland-as-attorney-general.html">Merrick Garland</a>. Garland had been nominated for the Supreme Court. He was widely viewed as a superb choice but was not acted on by the Republican Senate.</div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGC_pSEOlHWV1BRQW77JWp5kboYfsk_GFcGBmpe7lPXRZ7ihGSAF8RheFxv5TL_HyTFhSL25dQDb0JXE0Peyl53vy_ZSIyeyrl_zrO4Mbmq1OAgMiIDlhSmOuP4RD3WU6wjUyLN2lPFto/s466/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+1.06.11+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="424" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGC_pSEOlHWV1BRQW77JWp5kboYfsk_GFcGBmpe7lPXRZ7ihGSAF8RheFxv5TL_HyTFhSL25dQDb0JXE0Peyl53vy_ZSIyeyrl_zrO4Mbmq1OAgMiIDlhSmOuP4RD3WU6wjUyLN2lPFto/w61-h67/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+1.06.11+AM.png" width="61" /></a></div>Commerce Secretary. </b>Gina Raimondo. First female governor of Rhode Island. When elected, faced the worst unemployment rate of any state and launched successful workforce training programs.</div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvnuk06uO6tMCymz8_GftiMgJl35hFMAo0EnPSJ3xYx-KT1i0aj2BEYkJiX8-mD02QBprIWV2M1XPglbFw9p0X0S7ZzI49kg9k-M1FVS8vCMhqeNx2bpjj5TRJa68Gr1Xkysvtg6x3S2o/s1338/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.46.21+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1052" data-original-width="1338" height="79" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvnuk06uO6tMCymz8_GftiMgJl35hFMAo0EnPSJ3xYx-KT1i0aj2BEYkJiX8-mD02QBprIWV2M1XPglbFw9p0X0S7ZzI49kg9k-M1FVS8vCMhqeNx2bpjj5TRJa68Gr1Xkysvtg6x3S2o/w87-h79/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.46.21+AM.png" width="87" /></a><b style="font-size: 12px;"><div style="font-size: 12px;"><b style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></b></div>Defense Secretary:</b><b style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 12px;"> </b><a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/07/lloyd-austin-biden-secretary-defense-frontrunner-contender-443479" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 12px;">General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin</a><span style="font-size: 12px;">. First-ever Black defense secretary. A former four-star general, he retired from the military in 2016. Confirmation hearing Jan. 19 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a>.</span></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjS6szmIIKoHFb7VpIoog5ooU_doWkFVK_PF5PvSLxP_hyBe-ZcbnT4DHNOwQ70NPM6w7Eo0HXGdQVsjudkV1LFzsskr5dp-Yrqz5GRrPr1VLifoJFtmtaWjYgxj0B5RjehiMmHNBKY1w/s800/Screen+Shot+2020-12-23+at+1.08.05+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="786" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjS6szmIIKoHFb7VpIoog5ooU_doWkFVK_PF5PvSLxP_hyBe-ZcbnT4DHNOwQ70NPM6w7Eo0HXGdQVsjudkV1LFzsskr5dp-Yrqz5GRrPr1VLifoJFtmtaWjYgxj0B5RjehiMmHNBKY1w/w76-h78/Screen+Shot+2020-12-23+at+1.08.05+PM.png" width="76" /></a></div>Education Secretary</b>: <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/01/04/biden-selects-miguel-cardona-education-secretary">Miguel Cardona.</a> Former commissioner of education for the State of Connecticut. He is a strong advocate for public schools.</div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSKZyxo6ix5kRoyQ0e52SBCGhvprHqTOfhLXC6dLt4GfJogAeOpk4_WklEnG2NlmL35FafOiKtG-bjz6TjU88FtNBtXrBigNDysif8ChS8Qsh5CAZbXl1e8RdN1ynGeXfwIUMNWgI4-wk/s214/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+1.08.41+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="186" data-original-width="214" height="59" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSKZyxo6ix5kRoyQ0e52SBCGhvprHqTOfhLXC6dLt4GfJogAeOpk4_WklEnG2NlmL35FafOiKtG-bjz6TjU88FtNBtXrBigNDysif8ChS8Qsh5CAZbXl1e8RdN1ynGeXfwIUMNWgI4-wk/w59-h59/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+1.08.41+PM.png" width="59" /></a></div>Energy Secretary: </b><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-to-tap-jennifer-granholm-for-energy-secretary-11608072614?st=b2tbept7xl5x5ap&reflink=article_email_share">Jennifer Granholm</a>, former governor of the State of Michigan and previous the that was attorney general of the state. </div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></div></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhMId6BHDBd7mOuL2RA7znW5lARfHRZhTDHKt1zBuOIaIMD7SYWo_m3pksnhRe6nFgXgB97CiLjVZxYe5o2jcPgC_tYgbaRGc-KT_tmQbPmvO-rtvEKdx0aTmpJzOKgGjNm85qnK6udDQ/s558/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.06.07+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="558" height="72" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhMId6BHDBd7mOuL2RA7znW5lARfHRZhTDHKt1zBuOIaIMD7SYWo_m3pksnhRe6nFgXgB97CiLjVZxYe5o2jcPgC_tYgbaRGc-KT_tmQbPmvO-rtvEKdx0aTmpJzOKgGjNm85qnK6udDQ/w78-h72/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.06.07+AM.png" width="78" /></a></div></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><b>Health and Human Services Secretary: </b><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/06/biden-picks-xavier-becerra-current-california-ag-to-lead-health-and-human-services.html?__source=newsletter%7Cbreakingnews" style="font-weight: normal;">Xavier Becerra</a>. </b>Former attorney general of California, he led the defense of Obamacare.<b> (</b><b style="font-size: 12px;">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director: </b><span style="font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/06/rochelle-walensky-cdc-biden-443384">Rochelle Walensky.</a>)</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8wUcj5gDXBU0_3Fxd5oTCaY8vjUngbE2_RA9w-HA5LL3OGbcHhfkAmS2zh22i3yZTCvL-9AvKECof8xcazPQSDnu0ckcONcla3YPsstmOEdP1F589lwzY0S4xebGtdpCO-Q9W8s29Tr0/s336/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.57.47+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="336" height="64" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8wUcj5gDXBU0_3Fxd5oTCaY8vjUngbE2_RA9w-HA5LL3OGbcHhfkAmS2zh22i3yZTCvL-9AvKECof8xcazPQSDnu0ckcONcla3YPsstmOEdP1F589lwzY0S4xebGtdpCO-Q9W8s29Tr0/w64-h64/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.57.47+AM.png" width="64" /></a></div><b style="font-size: 12px;">Homeland Security Secretary: </b><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-harris-meet-mayors-covid-cases-soar-n1248596" style="font-size: 12px;">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>. First Latino and first immigrant to the United States in this role. Confirmation hearing January 19. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a>.</div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="color: #202124;"><b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqZ5yxAiLkFtieKQSamJoozNLcp79RDmRM3X6SqfURNSQDhZtnxJXqGr1GRG6I9Xv6KINEdebSC3TXvoRxqCn6WH6NNWtkWutAO_MFeHxzNtCy2tS2xbmnyl5uLF97nunziIkVHasUTJU/s372/Screen+Shot+2020-12-10+at+3.36.53+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="356" data-original-width="372" height="58" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqZ5yxAiLkFtieKQSamJoozNLcp79RDmRM3X6SqfURNSQDhZtnxJXqGr1GRG6I9Xv6KINEdebSC3TXvoRxqCn6WH6NNWtkWutAO_MFeHxzNtCy2tS2xbmnyl5uLF97nunziIkVHasUTJU/w61-h58/Screen+Shot+2020-12-10+at+3.36.53+PM.png" width="61" /></a></div>Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary</b><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">: </span><a href="https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2020/12/9/2000826/-Biden-to-name-Rep-Marcia-Fudge-as-first-woman-to-lead-HUD-in-40-years-but-there-s-disappointment" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Marcia Fudge</a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">. </span><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(60, 55, 54); color: #3c3736; letter-spacing: 0.1517953872680664px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fudge would be the first woman to run HUD in 40 years. She’s the third Black woman named for Biden’s Cabinet.</span></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6Gk8eyVEaHSJ5sav92hC2i4zBvpagZP8Wup0cE2x3oSGESi0sGFXNOB_TMn4OwHLl8ARmOaYLQXTXUGQh-F1uUyZYpzeJxETIB5WglDPS0AkbfIEXUuLWZMu1NLM-7O7zq3eVYgAObI/s370/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+3.09.47+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="352" height="65" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6Gk8eyVEaHSJ5sav92hC2i4zBvpagZP8Wup0cE2x3oSGESi0sGFXNOB_TMn4OwHLl8ARmOaYLQXTXUGQh-F1uUyZYpzeJxETIB5WglDPS0AkbfIEXUuLWZMu1NLM-7O7zq3eVYgAObI/w61-h65/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+3.09.47+PM.png" width="61" /></a></div>Interior Department Secretary</b>: <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2020/12/17/deb-haaland-interior-secretary-biden/">Deb Haaland</a>. The <span color="var(--color-ui-gray-darkest)" style="font-size: var(--font-size-small);">first Native American Cabinet secretary and Interior Department head, she marks a turning point for the U.S. government’s stance with our indigenous peoples,</span><span color="var(--color-ui-gray-darkest)" style="font-size: var(--font-size-small);"> who have been highly affected by toxic air and polluted land.</span></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVe0u1SqqBrhqmnDa4mN3Fwv5f_tGy0I-2-DTnZHpIahq3LvkiPCafMKtb5N9acfOvm4vJB2Ogl4dL5CP1t63Ojg22optSn9wg_f4mag_EJ5eJRxIQl8yykdyttrQaItMEpdTynRafvg/s296/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.03.35+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="296" data-original-width="286" height="88" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVe0u1SqqBrhqmnDa4mN3Fwv5f_tGy0I-2-DTnZHpIahq3LvkiPCafMKtb5N9acfOvm4vJB2Ogl4dL5CP1t63Ojg22optSn9wg_f4mag_EJ5eJRxIQl8yykdyttrQaItMEpdTynRafvg/w85-h88/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.03.35+AM.png" width="85" /></a></div>Labor Secretary. </b>Martin J. (Marty) Walsh. Mayor of Boston, he is the first union leader in the Labor post in half a century. The Department was created in 1933. Champion of a $15 minimum wage and paid family leave.</div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"></div></div></div></span><span><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><br /></p></div></span></div></span><span><div><span style="background-color: white;"><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><p style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ_CpWfmmVjassDHn9jxGnS2VhqSDyKpCwfK4OAIyj1Dmkq85JxIocEqqI1L8kRx7mIeW5TMVWZjdyGOI2uOt0Z0BSWhtUtvV7ngk4tpfQuBCmWJFXprH7_usao1MpECnkxqU-HM1MqYY/s262/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.08.51+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="262" height="64" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ_CpWfmmVjassDHn9jxGnS2VhqSDyKpCwfK4OAIyj1Dmkq85JxIocEqqI1L8kRx7mIeW5TMVWZjdyGOI2uOt0Z0BSWhtUtvV7ngk4tpfQuBCmWJFXprH7_usao1MpECnkxqU-HM1MqYY/w76-h64/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+2.08.51+AM.png" width="76" /></a></b></div><b>Secretary of State: </b><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/527112-biden-to-name-longtime-aide-blinken-as-secretary-of-state-report">Antony Blinken</a>. <span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;">Blinken served as deputy secretary of State between 2015 and 2017. He advised President-Elect Biden for years and in 2008 worked on Biden's bid for the Democratic nomination, which he lost to former President Obama. Confirmation hearing Jan. 19. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a>.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;"><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisl0-6pq63rxPCDEejyyNs8uCPetlyvJ7JdOnIJoYYfYLOIm2Y1fDLM_VC-ssrTce7UpT36Is_a5qbTxqyJuxZU6zuCEJgJq_ISAtrxd-F3DdKtbj_VuS1-hziY5EJsthml0-5cS9A254/s422/Screen+Shot+2020-12-14+at+6.01.52+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="422" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisl0-6pq63rxPCDEejyyNs8uCPetlyvJ7JdOnIJoYYfYLOIm2Y1fDLM_VC-ssrTce7UpT36Is_a5qbTxqyJuxZU6zuCEJgJq_ISAtrxd-F3DdKtbj_VuS1-hziY5EJsthml0-5cS9A254/w73-h70/Screen+Shot+2020-12-14+at+6.01.52+AM.png" width="73" /></a></div>Transportation Secretary: </b><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/13/politics/pete-buttigieg-transportation-secretary/index.html">Pete Buttigieg</a>. Former Rhodes Scholar. Was Mayor of South Bend, Indiana. (Likely future candidate for President.)</span></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;"><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><span><span style="color: black;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFNqZx1sBole-wbMTrzgrcQ9JGDyFm3uqrKaFH7_3UeNszJwW6t2wmK944e8ADyvihgzY1LdcbPWl_h9f30hyphenhypheniBNtB3pVVDSljCGkbADW-yKAerl92_jJus4WSfa9GwEyXHek7o1jWJ-w/s240/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.50.53+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="228" height="87" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFNqZx1sBole-wbMTrzgrcQ9JGDyFm3uqrKaFH7_3UeNszJwW6t2wmK944e8ADyvihgzY1LdcbPWl_h9f30hyphenhypheniBNtB3pVVDSljCGkbADW-yKAerl92_jJus4WSfa9GwEyXHek7o1jWJ-w/w82-h87/Screen+Shot+2020-12-08+at+1.50.53+AM.png" width="82" /></a></div>Treasury Secretary</span>:</span><span style="color: #202124;"> </span></b><a href="https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/if-treasury-secretary-janet-yellen-make-history" style="color: black; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Former Fed Chair</span></a><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"> <a href="Not John Jones (Nov. 18).">Janet L. Yellen</a>. <a href="https://click1.news.thehill.com/ViewMessage.do">Challenges</a>. (<b>Deputy Treasury Secretary</b>: Wally Adeyemo.) Confirmation hearing Jan. 19. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a>.</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div><span style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEj8pcL3MroqeRvxTxxDy-HMYe_qPM63ugK1FKGivTRPAsZ-E1pF3NMbhVh2W7t6xiZRhmaJv6BSzaz_hqdtVw3L_0TCyyIIuSPYglFsqk8ynFCxUJOV3LOy424USi60hWdiPJKxV4wxg/s256/Screen+Shot+2020-12-10+at+2.41.31+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="202" height="89" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEj8pcL3MroqeRvxTxxDy-HMYe_qPM63ugK1FKGivTRPAsZ-E1pF3NMbhVh2W7t6xiZRhmaJv6BSzaz_hqdtVw3L_0TCyyIIuSPYglFsqk8ynFCxUJOV3LOy424USi60hWdiPJKxV4wxg/w70-h89/Screen+Shot+2020-12-10+at+2.41.31+PM.png" width="70" /></a></div><div><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Veterans Affairs </span><span>Secretary</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">. </span></span></b><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/12/10/944980660/biden-selects-denis-mcdonough-as-va-secretary" style="font-size: 12px;">Denis McDonough.</a></div></span></span></span></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><b><br /></b></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(43, 44, 48); color: #2b2c30; font-size: 18px;"><b>II. CABINET RANK (Smaller agencies and WH Staff) 9 (3M, 6W)</b></span></div><div><span face=""Graphik Web", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b style="font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvmAWaqA7DOsZiHHnvlAkcwG71i_j7dGXI5wyPXClLbLAHv1-610nxINSsQ4-hbWRO1V3n3Jiv4yVZe0S4hlvpNz_EhhJnDLZH41YX8aKArOJd3_ZRpKaPPN_Kn7B6T9bfAussyuwZ0rc/s256/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.10.37+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="238" height="81" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvmAWaqA7DOsZiHHnvlAkcwG71i_j7dGXI5wyPXClLbLAHv1-610nxINSsQ4-hbWRO1V3n3Jiv4yVZe0S4hlvpNz_EhhJnDLZH41YX8aKArOJd3_ZRpKaPPN_Kn7B6T9bfAussyuwZ0rc/w75-h81/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.10.37+AM.png" width="75" /></a></div>Council of Economic Advisers, Chair: </b><a href="https://thehill.com/person/cecilia-rouse" style="font-size: 12px;">Cecilia Rouse</a>.<b> </b><span style="color: #18191a; font-size: 14px;">Rouse, a Californian, PhD in economics from Harvard, was Dean of Princeton’s School of Public and International Affairs. </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e; font-size: 12px;">Rouse's position is Cabinet status under Biden; Trump had demoted the CEA. (</span><b style="font-size: 12px;">CEA Members: </b><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/12/biden-transition-economic-team-guest.html">Jared Bernstein and Heather Boushey</a>.)</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div></div><div><span><div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8vfPZDSGhMdkr8fdsiT0uN6GX7bF7KD99bWxMerD0gzcWaRb8iruoRTReMJZsYrlHkxzZN7cYoMO6rg5jisjIT31NlImjUI3e-2ymqE0KixJzMebYjwaxsrSO_qw_0TF6u6c92ovG3Ag/s220/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+1.02.56+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="216" height="86" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8vfPZDSGhMdkr8fdsiT0uN6GX7bF7KD99bWxMerD0gzcWaRb8iruoRTReMJZsYrlHkxzZN7cYoMO6rg5jisjIT31NlImjUI3e-2ymqE0KixJzMebYjwaxsrSO_qw_0TF6u6c92ovG3Ag/w97-h86/Screen+Shot+2020-12-17+at+1.02.56+PM.png" width="97" /></a></div><b>Environmental Protection Agency </b><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2020/12/17/biden-epa-regan/">Administrator</a>: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/17/climate/michael-regan-epa.html">Michael S. Regan</a>. <a href="https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epas-administrator">Cabinet rank</a>, but not a Cabinet Department.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJhS_tFB2Pc6c_TzBkUEWgk7jq-YS9qKiJQwpFfR79Cb8Xmdio87bsAR-YbB5C1XLQ72gyT1xsVlxfey3Es2DINunywng844SNU4Dteh-V41P7SwY31WuAilupfUaKJDy_UWquqp9Edhg/s538/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.20.05+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="538" data-original-width="498" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJhS_tFB2Pc6c_TzBkUEWgk7jq-YS9qKiJQwpFfR79Cb8Xmdio87bsAR-YbB5C1XLQ72gyT1xsVlxfey3Es2DINunywng844SNU4Dteh-V41P7SwY31WuAilupfUaKJDy_UWquqp9Edhg/w95-h103/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.20.05+AM.png" width="95" /></a></div><br />Executive Office of the President, </b><b style="font-size: 12px;">Chief of Staff:</b><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/12/politics/supreme-court-ron-klain-biden-chief-of-staff/index.html" style="font-size: 12px;">Ron Klain</a><span style="font-size: 12px;">. (<b>Senate confirmation not required</b>.)</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0gD8Eml32_qYnqzppxEyqF4yufLLWWBj6mFNGdmNKdIwVEOO0Id_IwT_M0K2CEn9-hUU_bOZMgXoUvzd2xLuof7YvDIR-pD2GDkluP_uBU1_GVkDZ-grlhHEnVRgRmsbfR5ejInvGnA/s268/Avril+Haines+.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="268" data-original-width="260" height="93" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0gD8Eml32_qYnqzppxEyqF4yufLLWWBj6mFNGdmNKdIwVEOO0Id_IwT_M0K2CEn9-hUU_bOZMgXoUvzd2xLuof7YvDIR-pD2GDkluP_uBU1_GVkDZ-grlhHEnVRgRmsbfR5ejInvGnA/w88-h93/Avril+Haines+.png" width="88" /></a></div><br />National Intelligence Director: </b><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/joe-biden-foreign-policy-national-security-cabinet/index.html">Avril Haines</a>. Confirmation hearing, Select Committee on Intelligence. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPQtthKEQQ</a>.</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"> (<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/">National Security Council:</a> <b>National Security Adviser: </b><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/22/us/politics/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state.html?campaign_id=56&emc=edit_cn_20201123&instance_id=24381&nl=on-politics-with-lisa-lerer&regi_id=34957632&segment_id=45217&te=1&user_id=bc3445eea3220e6f669921e6ec35cf31">Jake Sullivan</a>)</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmDEfQ21QmSUmHKZORVr3UjlZkT1oVm519jg8zN7pg1BzVBbtBQzrnVMs-_wcOSwZ9y5X8Oj-bxnlsKKGAeJtsy8XV20MmKzeofC_f-0auY5vkmbBe0OlENBIYnTE6qVmnzOXUYWFWwF8/s326/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.10.37+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="326" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmDEfQ21QmSUmHKZORVr3UjlZkT1oVm519jg8zN7pg1BzVBbtBQzrnVMs-_wcOSwZ9y5X8Oj-bxnlsKKGAeJtsy8XV20MmKzeofC_f-0auY5vkmbBe0OlENBIYnTE6qVmnzOXUYWFWwF8/w103-h77/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.10.37+AM.png" width="103" /></a></div><br />OMB Director:</b> </span></span></span><a href="https://thehill.com/policy/finance/527947-biden-announces-key-members-of-economic-team" style="font-size: 12px;">Neera Tanden</a><span style="font-size: 12px;">.</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></div><div><span><b style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbOHpYmAyHOu4wjLWtZlnKN8H9QO5elBJe6CQ99ns8pEM0SEvKDCBc98CMyv7UR56vZCATUp6vBuSG-MUPLgoTFLifZVXMCscTx5rH5rVry0LIDwnofwmeasAD3DqcH29sG-l9DpZXgqU/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="238" height="108" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbOHpYmAyHOu4wjLWtZlnKN8H9QO5elBJe6CQ99ns8pEM0SEvKDCBc98CMyv7UR56vZCATUp6vBuSG-MUPLgoTFLifZVXMCscTx5rH5rVry0LIDwnofwmeasAD3DqcH29sG-l9DpZXgqU/w95-h108/Screen+Shot+2021-01-17+at+2.32.49+AM.png" width="95" /></a></div>Science Adviser.<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00118-8"> </a></b><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00118-8" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Eric Lander</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 12px;">. This position is newly elevated under President-Elect Biden to cabinet level.</span></span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 12px;"> Lander was a leader of the Human </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);">Genome</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 12px;"> Project. He </span></span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-size: 17px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">directs the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP).</span></span></div></div></div></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMbvtRnZ2hmJYUw9ucSBif4CIZKNso6-CN-ulUObdOO4OYqlgmXC2VauL6TDcFLspGNILbc6-TEGi-aZihphau5qIBc91SBbB-vJ3XjAFCQXco_Lt3jSVDWClXN1JOKvqMpDmElohOBFI/s434/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.06.58+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="434" height="89" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMbvtRnZ2hmJYUw9ucSBif4CIZKNso6-CN-ulUObdOO4OYqlgmXC2VauL6TDcFLspGNILbc6-TEGi-aZihphau5qIBc91SBbB-vJ3XjAFCQXco_Lt3jSVDWClXN1JOKvqMpDmElohOBFI/w96-h89/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+2.06.58+AM.png" width="96" /></a></div><b>Small Business Administration. </b>Isabel Guzman.<b> </b>Comes from the California<b> </b>Office of the Small Business Advocate. Former deputy chief of staff at the SBA and a small business entrepreneur.</span></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI2kiQWWNg5yoWmmEJt7Sc2Y0n_HanHR6a2SWCqXuk-o4QBKUaJbskhUeWINSldnkWw4zebTgMLR8MtyePwfRrQLAT2ZnUGb9jzzRr6IGPVDzzPc60f2nukB4na8upEFkvwJsC4dEJji4/s548/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+1.58.59+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="548" height="85" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI2kiQWWNg5yoWmmEJt7Sc2Y0n_HanHR6a2SWCqXuk-o4QBKUaJbskhUeWINSldnkWw4zebTgMLR8MtyePwfRrQLAT2ZnUGb9jzzRr6IGPVDzzPc60f2nukB4na8upEFkvwJsC4dEJji4/w91-h85/Screen+Shot+2021-01-10+at+1.58.59+AM.png" width="91" /></a></div>U.N. Ambassador</b>: <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/linda-thomas-greenfield-biden-expected-us-un-ambassador/">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>. The post was non-Cabinet status under Trump, but was restored by President-Elect Bide</span><span style="font-family: arial;">n. S<span style="caret-color: rgb(16, 16, 16); color: #101010;">he was ambassador to Liberia and then Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs in 2013-2017.</span></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;"><b style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepQJGrfDwIQtpewCK1l3-8Er7hQ7TXajD4vNsRuwUE15IthEhSeubibyLT-k3H1bNi9l9d-QB78AH6sno26I6aELqOGToFBcGwrTVLTYqV0ibxJizoDvZL5RVHVx5Spph6ptpC_Qe4b4/s458/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.15.02+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="458" data-original-width="446" height="89" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepQJGrfDwIQtpewCK1l3-8Er7hQ7TXajD4vNsRuwUE15IthEhSeubibyLT-k3H1bNi9l9d-QB78AH6sno26I6aELqOGToFBcGwrTVLTYqV0ibxJizoDvZL5RVHVx5Spph6ptpC_Qe4b4/w86-h89/Screen+Shot+2021-01-13+at+4.15.02+AM.png" width="86" /></a></div><br /></b>U.S. Trade Representative</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18.66666603088379px;">: Katherine Tai.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(16, 16, 16); color: #101010;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(16, 16, 16); color: #101010;"></span></span></div></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>III. OTHER KEY APPOINTEES</b></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><b style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMMgQi1IoOU76o6X4Kdw_4XPM2XHbjDLcJ78-Tum1AzCuS2v_seCGC1rU6be7S-ybVQsCWnp7PaZl5mjPkbApkiuv8ClQ15ViHDQpwI86IiFHG0Se_EyXtaJaEtHukAnW5xp2iLp0Gt8I/s284/Screen+Shot+2021-01-11+at+9.10.11+AM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="284" data-original-width="264" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMMgQi1IoOU76o6X4Kdw_4XPM2XHbjDLcJ78-Tum1AzCuS2v_seCGC1rU6be7S-ybVQsCWnp7PaZl5mjPkbApkiuv8ClQ15ViHDQpwI86IiFHG0Se_EyXtaJaEtHukAnW5xp2iLp0Gt8I/w73-h78/Screen+Shot+2021-01-11+at+9.10.11+AM.png" width="73" /></a></div>CIA Director: </b><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2021/01/11/955588842/william-burns-is-bidens-pick-to-lead-cia">William J. (Bill) Burns</a>. Retired from State Department as Deputy Secretary in 2014. Former ambassador to Russia and Jordan. President of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Was elevated under Trump to Cabinet level, but is not included in WaPo list as of January 16. Reports to Director of National Intelligence (Avril Haines).</span></span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Climate Special </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);">Presidential</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"> Envoy:</span></span></b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-harris-meet-mayors-covid-cases-soar-n1248596" style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">John Kerry</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">. The new position was recommended by </span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/525467-progressives-unveil-biden-cabinet-wish-list" style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Justice Democrats and the Sunrise Movement</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">. </span></span><b style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">National Climate Adviser:</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-to-tap-jennifer-granholm-for-energy-secretary-11608072614?st=b2tbept7xl5x5ap&reflink=article_email_share" style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Gina McCarthy</a><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">.</span></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></div><div><b style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Communications Director</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">: <a href="https://www.newsday.com/?user=5b45e8ba05e94e14a1457da9&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=1600">Kate Bedingfield</a>. </span></span><b style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Press Secretary</b><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">: </span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.newsday.com/?user=5b45e8ba05e94e14a1457da9&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=1600">Jen(n<span style="caret-color: rgb(38, 38, 38);">ifer)</span> Psaki</a>.</span></span></div><div><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><b>Council on Environmental Quality</b>, <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/12/17/947355441/biden-to-nominate-brenda-mallory-to-run-council-on-environmental-quality">Chair: Brenda Mallory</a></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><b>Domestic Policy Council, Director</b>: <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/10/biden-taps-susan-rice-for-top-white-house-domestic-policy-job-444231">Susan Rice</a>.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><b>National Economic Council, Director:</b> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/03/business/brian-deese-national-economic-council.html">Brian Deese</a>.</span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><b>IV. MORE ABOUT THE CABINET AND BIDEN'S CHALLENGES</b></span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></div><div style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica;"><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: #2e2e2e;"><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-biggest-challenge-facing-joe-bidens-new-economic-team">Biggest economic challenge</a>. </span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/11/biden-transition-lessons-from-fdr.html">Notes from FDR's transition.</a> </span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/01/business/economy/biden-economy-stimulus.html?campaign_id=2&emc=edit_th_20201202&instance_id=24620&nl=todaysheadlines&regi_id=34957632&segment_id=45839&user_id=bc3445eea3220e6f669921e6ec35cf31">Biden urges economic stimulus soon.</a> </span></div><div style="color: #202124; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white;">- <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/04/upshot/jobs-report-unemployment.html">Worrisome impact of Covid—many unemployed are not returning to the workforce</a>.</span></div><div style="color: #202124;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px;">- </span><a href="https://fortune.com/2020/12/07/biden-economic-team-treasury-janet-yellen-omb-neera-tanden/"><i>Fortune</i>'s take</a> on the economic team.</div><div style="color: #202124;">-<a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/529749-biden-forms-team-of-insiders?userid=431150"> "Team of Insiders" (December 12)</a></div><div style="color: #202124;">- <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-elect-joe-bidens-top-level-appointees-cabinet/story?id=74362384">Biden Cabinet to Be the Most Diverse Ever</a> (December 19)</div><div style="color: #202124;">- <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/america-101-what-is-the-cabinet-video?cmpid=email-hist-inside-history-2020-1209-12092020&om_rid=&~campaign=hist-inside-history-2020-1209" style="font-size: 18.66666603088379px;">Origin of the Cabinet</a></div></span></div></span><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-61420301753894767682020-11-01T14:07:00.005-08:002020-11-02T09:44:45.622-08:00STATE RACES, RED TO BLUE | Heidi's Picks<p><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Times; font-size: 12px;"><i></i></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Times; font-size: 12px;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcZUXzIwbr5gS3yjZ-g5lEmP2BhKo9CKojfs9rY-o2IfVV9yJSDcgxlrJ788-7c_hAzM6qi8BqA5w4aiMGU31nj-g3dT18ZJ3kq3hVq9JWuVvLBfw-dWXeNVFIa1Rx4P1XDNCDnnqWBKc/s872/Screen+Shot+2020-11-01+at+5.04.12+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="332" data-original-width="872" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcZUXzIwbr5gS3yjZ-g5lEmP2BhKo9CKojfs9rY-o2IfVV9yJSDcgxlrJ788-7c_hAzM6qi8BqA5w4aiMGU31nj-g3dT18ZJ3kq3hVq9JWuVvLBfw-dWXeNVFIa1Rx4P1XDNCDnnqWBKc/w400-h153/Screen+Shot+2020-11-01+at+5.04.12+PM.png" width="400" /></a></i></b></div><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Times;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">Sunday, November 1—As Election Day (Tuesday) approaches, the Battleground States are getting special attention. See <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/10/the-following-synoptic-summary-of.html">two takes on a Biden or Trump victory</a> in these states. (More recently: CNN's <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/01/politics/election-2020-polls-arizona-pennsylvania/index.html">guess on the likely range in the Electoral College vote</a> and the <a href="https://americanprospect.activehosted.com/index.php?action=social&chash=f9b902fc3289af4dd08de5d1de54f68f.366&s=09fddecfa47cc34cd06e4e53efb8ea4c">American Prospect's "Unsanitized" roundup</a>.)</span></i></b><div><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Times;"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Times;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">The following summary of key down-ballot state races was sent to me by Heidi Fiske, who asked me to post it on her behalf, as I have done before:</span></i></b><p></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Nothing is more important than winning the Presidency and taking back the Senate.</p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">But those races are attracting huge sums of money. <span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">Not so the state races, which both require and attract less money. </span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">We will realize in January just how important these overlooked races are, because that</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">’</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;">s when governors, state AGs, state Secretaries of State, state judges and state legislatures will determine the district lines that will hold for a decade, through 2030, based on this year's foreshortened census. </span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee (DLCC), the Democratic body that concerns itself with state races, says that if the 48 state legislative candidates in the links below are elected, they will flip 10 chambers in seven critical states from Red to Blue. Of these seats, 34 are in chambers that will rule on district lines for one-third of all House seats (144 of 435).</p>
<ul>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/donate/heidi-picks&source=gmail-imap&ust=1604796826000000&usg=AOvVaw0iSjYKx2iuXUQtkC2YUMFO"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098)" style="background-color: white;">Heidi's Picks</span></a></span><span style="background-color: white;"> incorporates recommendations of the DLCC, Future Now, and some other individuals and groups.</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/donate/test03&source=gmail-imap&ust=1604796826000000&usg=AOvVaw1I0dv-xHUE57FIGQ3GuU4D"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098)" style="background-color: white;">Arizona</span></a></span><span style="background-color: white;">, 5 legislative candidates</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/donate/heidi-ia&source=gmail-imap&ust=1604796826000000&usg=AOvVaw2jEcpmxxUpVp77FrX6t1sf"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098)" style="background-color: white;">Iowa</span></a></span><span style="background-color: white;">, 4 legislative candidates</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/donate/heidi-mi&source=gmail-imap&ust=1604796826000000&usg=AOvVaw1J8Z5IB4Kt3Fi1e87Y-Jit"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098)" style="background-color: white;">Michigan</span></a></span><span style="background-color: white;">, 4 legislative candidates</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/donate/heidi-mn&source=gmail-imap&ust=1604796826000000&usg=AOvVaw2UbV0fErGqhgqpvUmzTY1q"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098)" style="background-color: white;">Minnesota</span></a></span><span style="background-color: white;">, 2 legislative candidates</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/donate/heidi-nc&source=gmail-imap&ust=1604796826000000&usg=AOvVaw254pkWvb5I21tPcpWbI9rC"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098)" style="background-color: white;">North Carolina</span></a></span><span style="background-color: white;">, 11 legislative + Attorney General + Secretary of State + 2 Supreme Court candidates [NC</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">’</span><span style="background-color: white;">s superb governor is not included only because he is well-funded and almost certain to win]</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/donate/heidi-pa&source=gmail-imap&ust=1604796826000000&usg=AOvVaw1MYijtnJoclrCz6bjsbPaI"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098)" style="background-color: white;">Pennsylvania</span></a></span><span style="background-color: white;">, 13 legislative candidates [PA</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">’</span><span style="background-color: white;">s outstanding Attorney General is not included only because he is considered sure to win]</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/donate/heidi-tx&source=gmail-imap&ust=1604796826000000&usg=AOvVaw0GDgicL-c54IzdLgInQ6YX"><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85098)" style="background-color: white;">Texas</span></a></span><span style="background-color: white;">, 9 legislative + 4 Supreme Court</span></li></ul></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-83700867868784878422020-10-31T07:58:00.006-07:002020-11-02T10:12:46.164-08:00STATE BATTLEGROUNDS | Polling Update<p><b><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-style: italic; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwbncRBBREaybGARc-HecYfnkPGJXlaBqEiow0Pm_cjx87zl0rUStFHBu3tQthyne-pdxmsoEOiZLxetjwsmkCJOgR-NWJc4cnp4S9Py9SwatnMibgK5AmtqKhfyV-G1UgdGzGfG3ycCg/s988/Screen+Shot+2020-11-01+at+4.47.52+PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="988" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwbncRBBREaybGARc-HecYfnkPGJXlaBqEiow0Pm_cjx87zl0rUStFHBu3tQthyne-pdxmsoEOiZLxetjwsmkCJOgR-NWJc4cnp4S9Py9SwatnMibgK5AmtqKhfyV-G1UgdGzGfG3ycCg/w640-h452/Screen+Shot+2020-11-01+at+4.47.52+PM.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><i>The chart shows states that Trump won in 2016 where Biden is tied or has the edge as of September 28. The following synoptic summary of polling in battleground states as of Friday, October 30, is by Dana Chasin of </i><a href="2020visiondc.org" style="font-style: italic;">20/20Vision</a><i>:</i></span></b><p></p><p><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-size: 12px;">Vice President Biden leads national polls by</span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-size: 12px;"> </span><a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=71c092e707&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #007c89; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">9 points</span></a><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-size: 12px;">and turnout rates favor Democrats by</span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-size: 12px;"> </span><a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=abc2c8679f&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #007c89; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">more than 17 points</span></a><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-size: 12px;">, pointing to a potential blue wave. Battleground states this year, ordered from most to least electoral votes, include: </span></p><ul style="caret-color: rgb(32, 32, 32); color: #202020; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.47058868408203px;"><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20.588233947753906px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong id="yiv0337530909docs-internal-guid-9b9c214b-7fff-74d1-bab1-4d1f41c29d32">Texas (38 Electoral Votes): </strong>Trump is up by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=9d4f71df2d&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">1.2 points</a> in Texas. This year, Texas limited mail-in voting only to those unable to come to the polls. More than nine million Texans cast votes this week, surpassing 2016 turnout. And more than 16.9 million voters are registered in Texas, an increase of 3 million from 2016.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20.588233947753906px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong>Florida (29 EVs):</strong> <strong id="yiv0337530909docs-internal-guid-70ee598c-7fff-c592-3d1c-89b418dad457"> </strong>Both Biden and Trump are campaigning in Florida this week. Since Labor Day, Biden has outspent Trump three-to-one in Florida, and he is leading by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=41d82d9bc9&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">2.2 points</a> in polls. Roughly 474,000 more registered Republicans have voted in-person in Florida than Democrats, but Democrats are leading mail-in voting by 637,000 votes. Republicans will likely continue to vote in-person, but total votes cast have already surpassed 2016 totals.<strong></strong></p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20.588233947753906px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong>Pennsylvania (20 EVs):</strong> Biden currently leads in Pennsylvania by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=dccd9e47ac&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">5.2 points</a>. Since 2016, Democratic voter registration has declined by 10,000 while Republicans registered 205,000 voters. But Democrats hold a 700,000 voter registration edge statewide. So far, 2.1 million people, majority Democrat, have mailed in their ballots.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20.588233947753906px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong>Ohio (18 EVs):</strong> In the polls, Trump currently leads Biden by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=2a2247b677&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">0.9</a> in Ohio. Ohio offers in-person early voting and the ability to request an absentee ballot up to three days before Election Day. More than 2.5 million Ohioans have already cast their ballots. But unlike other states, fewer Ohio Democrats and more Republicans are voting early and absentee compared to the same point in 2016.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20.588233947753906px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong>Other states to watch:</strong> Other battleground states include Michigan (16 EVs), Georgia (16 EVs), North Carolina (15 EVs), Arizona (11 EVs), and Iowa (6 EVs), with polls showing Biden leading in Michigan by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=f1f92f6777&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">9.1 points</a>, Arizona by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=c891b0f546&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">3.1</a>, North Carolina by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=dc21fe10d4&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">2.3</a>, Georgia by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=472a8100c1&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">1.7</a>, and Iowa by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=16ba8e52da&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">0.3</a>. While Trump is looking to flip Minnesota, which Clinton won by less than 2 points in 2016, Biden is leading the state by <a href="https://dc-policyupdate.us16.list-manage.com/track/click?u=7e89bde343d3ee15abe85e30b&id=b973382e85&e=bcef2f9e5c" rel="nofollow" style="color: #007c89; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">8.2 points</a>. NC, MN, and GA, along with Wisconsin, will likely report unofficial results by noon on Thursday, providing an indication of pre-election poll accuracy and the degree of red-to-blue shift in crucial swing states.</p></li></ul><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-65481227288153449372020-10-25T21:02:00.004-07:002020-10-25T21:04:16.358-07:00Most-Read Posts in September-October<div class="cC8d9 ElmLkc" style="align-items: center; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.117647); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 0%; margin-left: 32px; min-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-top: 12px;"><div class="LSmDGb" style="align-items: stretch; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="F8KQq q6mdaf" jsname="d2wxvf" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.541176); font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7TrOG8fIDyFi1X-rdA98uI-l6YrFqHk1U-2STNFLOjwAfRuhfi5xCcSY-8IDVaLuJl3hIIxIdJvHG7aQvB6xjd9vD5cTspm502HJh0kMQpgQRK4TmSHBb8lhrahiojyOKwIcoLKwcpE/s962/Ballot+Tracking+.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="404" data-original-width="962" height="82" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7TrOG8fIDyFi1X-rdA98uI-l6YrFqHk1U-2STNFLOjwAfRuhfi5xCcSY-8IDVaLuJl3hIIxIdJvHG7aQvB6xjd9vD5cTspm502HJh0kMQpgQRK4TmSHBb8lhrahiojyOKwIcoLKwcpE/w203-h82/Ballot+Tracking+.png" width="203" /></a></div><br />BALLOT TRACKING | Cry your eyes out, Putin</div><div class="jGXGF F8KQq g0RVJ" jsname="jmrSTd" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.521569); font-size: 14px; 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align-self: stretch; color: #2962ff; display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; font-family: Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;"><img aria-label="Post image thumbnail" class="DMO9ie" data-iml="143768" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisdxBpvId51SdCYvSP3yC2K_PmYp3_adl5G_z0gAcwdwrg4qjy-vLV7xLaVamGuQgzmfWgRvZvoxI8xazO3chuubPnrE8ypXrjWhQofRWxalcH-WZHbo1eK7iLepSUkxioXUGG9Myh-HYt/s55-c/German+election+results.png" style="border: none; flex-shrink: 0; height: 55px; object-fit: cover; width: 55px;" /><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.541176)" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap;">GERMAN ELECTIONS, 1933 | How a Democracy Was Destroyed</span></a></p><div class="cC8d9 ElmLkc" style="align-items: center; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.117647); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 0%; margin-left: 32px; min-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-top: 12px;"><div class="LSmDGb" style="align-items: stretch; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="jGXGF F8KQq g0RVJ" jsname="jmrSTd" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.521569); font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">Posted by John Tepper Marlin</div></div></div><p><a class="Pidouf" href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/posts/blog/statspost/month/8773625527617286057/1750825544707525688" jslog="28417; track:click" jsname="O0ZKUb" style="align-items: center; align-self: stretch; color: #2962ff; display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; font-family: Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;"></a><a class="Pidouf" href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/posts/blog/statspost/month/8773625527617286057/5533798923327878288" jslog="28417; track:click" jsname="O0ZKUb" style="align-items: center; align-self: stretch; color: #2962ff; display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; font-family: Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;"><img aria-label="Post image thumbnail" class="DMO9ie" data-iml="143889" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcYgsSTTjaKy73iKQrdssUVNS_eJL5hjDWiVxv-Q5XslpHWzNDLIxBTdJbpfKO2sdU8BAgF02xHNF9tBXKiLzwAvw-02HggbxrKOTJG6pmslVaLwZeXo86H_2kev6pVqLYB4-YWzlAGGw/s55-c/Shoem.jpg" style="border: none; flex-shrink: 0; height: 55px; object-fit: cover; width: 55px;" /><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.541176)" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap;">UNIONS | Oct. 18–First American Trade Unions, 1648</span></a></p><div class="cC8d9 ElmLkc" style="align-items: center; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.117647); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 0%; margin-left: 32px; min-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-top: 12px;"><div class="LSmDGb" style="align-items: stretch; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="jGXGF F8KQq g0RVJ" jsname="jmrSTd" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.521569); font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">Posted by John Tepper Marlin</div></div><div class="AwxfEd" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"><div class="aJ8QGf q6mdaf" jsname="sBaoTe" style="align-self: center; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.541176); 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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div>
Gene Steuerle of the Urban Institute this week has posted a fine summary of
<a href="https://urbn.is/35LmSLN">lessons from Trump's tax returns</a> as
reported by <i>The New York Times. </i>
<p></p>
<p>
Trump's returns show how U.S. tax laws can break the link between wealth and
income, increasing wealth concentration.
</p>
<p>
His returns illustrate many ways individuals and businesses with large
accumulated assets can shelter income that would otherwise generate tax
liabilities. Steuerle says tax<span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39); color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
> policies since the early 1990s have hiked the ratio of household
wealth to income, generating $25 trillion of nominal wealth above normal
growth. The Fed's recent buying of debt has further protected wealth
holders.</span
>
</p>
<p>Examples: </p>
<p></p>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>
<span style="background-color: white;"
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><b>Underreported capital gains.</b> Income from appreciated property is
not included in taxable income until the underlying asset is sold.
Steuerle found in</span
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
> the 1980s </span
></span
>less than one-third of net income from capital reported.
</li>
<li>
<span style="background-color: white;"
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><span style="caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39);"
><b>Tax exemptions for real estate owners.</b> Large real estate
investors typically use a pass-through business and are thereby able
to claim exemptions from corporate and individual
taxation. </span
></span
></span
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39); color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
>If property is held until death, no income tax is owed on accrued but
unrealized gains. G</span
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39); color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
>ains can be deferred or excluded from tax at death, but property owners
can immediately deduct almost all expenses on their tax
returns. </span
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39); color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
>Investors in real estate can swap real estate properties with another
owner and defer recognition of capital gains income.</span
>
</li>
<li>
<span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39); color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><b>Incentives for risky lending.</b> Lending officers at an institution
like </span
>Deutsche Bank<span style="background-color: white;"
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><span style="caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39);"
> make big money on loans even if their loans go sour. They earn
bonuses by boosting the bank's cash flow. By the time the loan sours,
it is usually too late to claw </span
></span
><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #272727;"
><span style="caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39);">back</span></span
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><span style="caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39);"> bonuses.</span></span
></span
>
</li>
<li>
<span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39); color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><b>Incentives for risky borrowing. </b> Borrowers can write off
nominal interest costs that are a multiple of the real cost of
borrowing. </span
><span style="background-color: white;"
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><span style="caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39);"
>Near-zero-interest federal fund rates, while</span
></span
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
> </span
></span
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(39, 39, 39); color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
>taxpayers deduct their nominal interest costs, mean that in real terms
some investors are being paid to borrow money.</span
>
</li>
<li>
<span style="background-color: white;"
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><b>Tax incentives to declare bankruptcy. </b> An owner of two
companies where #1 earns $5 million and #2 loses $6 million has an
incentive to declare bankruptcy on #2 and avoid taxes on #1. Others bear
the </span
><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #272727;"
><span>bankruptcy</span></span
><span
face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
style="color: #272727; font-size: 16px;"
><span> cost.</span></span
></span
>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-36000902053731546952020-10-20T09:11:00.001-07:002020-10-24T20:29:28.224-07:00BALLOT TRACKING | Cry your eyes out, Putin
<div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="vtrdata" style="background-color: white; border: 1px outset; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 16px;"><p style="caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGroKPTVREFpepQ8nIOJkv-RM7f9Rovo2L_sCSHqtEW7POop_53qOqsVKDEmQ0IaK886n16ohea87LsJbvDmymdX9scjAkT2hrEsu5pQsHgp7EZC0uj2wXtWFTtoy9_9ZIciH1wOIX46s/s962/Screen+Shot+2020-10-24+at+11.16.56+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="404" data-original-width="962" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGroKPTVREFpepQ8nIOJkv-RM7f9Rovo2L_sCSHqtEW7POop_53qOqsVKDEmQ0IaK886n16ohea87LsJbvDmymdX9scjAkT2hrEsu5pQsHgp7EZC0uj2wXtWFTtoy9_9ZIciH1wOIX46s/w340-h153/Screen+Shot+2020-10-24+at+11.16.56+PM.png" width="340" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;">Cry your eyes out, Vladimir Putin.</span><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;">Thanks to all the hacking four years ago, d</span><span style="color: #212529; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41);">emocracy is fighting back with tracking systems to rival Federal Express.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">I was impressed with the tracking ability of the New York City Board of Elections, which allows ballots to be tracked online.</span></p><p style="caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">The Suffolk County, N.Y. Board of Elections has a similar ballot-tracking system that can be accessed by calling the Board.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">A brief Google search shows similar </span><span style="color: #212529; font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">ballot-tracking systems in place in California (for example, see </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://gvwire.com/2020/08/05/new-website-allows-voters-to-track-their-ballot-registration/">https://gvwire.com/2020/08/05/new-website-allows-voters-to-track-their-ballot-registration/</a>) </span><span style="color: #212529; font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;">and other states. This will be the best-tracked election ever. </span></p><div class="form-group text-center text-bold text-uppercase" style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 1rem; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;">Sample tracking form, november 3 election</div><div class="form-group text-center text-bold text-uppercase" style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 1rem; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;">APPLICATION INFORMATION (New york city)</div><div class="form-group col-12 mb-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; flex: 0 0 100%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; max-width: 100%; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; width: 1108px;"><label class="text-bold d-inline-block nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">VSN</label> <p class="d-inline-block nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;">015491X7</p></div><div class="form-group col-12 mb-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; flex: 0 0 100%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; max-width: 100%; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; width: 1108px;"><label class="text-bold d-inline-block" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Confirmation Code</label> <p class="d-inline-block nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;">P00XH3</p></div><br /></div></div><div class="text-center text-bold text-uppercase" style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;">TRACKING HISTORY</div><table id="historytable" style="border-collapse: collapse; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Date</th><th style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Status</th><th style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;"></th></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">10/17/2020</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Ballot Received Valid</td><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">10/07/2020</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Ballot Received</td><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">10/06/2020</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Voter Mailed Ballot</td><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">09/30/2020</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Out for Delivery</td><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">09/29/2020</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Ballot Mailed</td><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">09/17/2020</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Application Approved</td><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">05/14/2020</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;">Application Submitted</td><td class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 15px;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="text-center alert-info" style="background-color: #d9edf7; border: 1px solid rgb(188, 232, 241); box-sizing: border-box; color: #31708f; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><p class="col-12 text-lg mb-0 text-bold" style="box-sizing: border-box; flex: 0 0 100%; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; width: 1118px;">For further assistance please call 1-866-VOTE-NYC or email <a class="nt" data-wg-notranslate="manual" href="mailto:AbsenteeHelp@boe.nyc" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0366d6;">AbsenteeHelp@boe.nyc</a></p></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-81742284027854436782020-09-28T03:18:00.006-07:002020-10-24T20:38:23.141-07:00JOB LOSS | U.S. Metro Areas, July 2020<span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6ZGGzz_9lp4qWCIFW_ZcK-QCxOnJ4XWg7aeKB-zdobJdRXhRDRFxw6UnATtrYj6lNVhBz1yM1KuRO13LKsf0PbP3UNECLggu5lZR5u1QOiF1l4x_Hb-qmtjFaz6lW8WJPX_ECtQlKoj0/s624/Screen+Shot+2020-10-24+at+11.32.26+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6ZGGzz_9lp4qWCIFW_ZcK-QCxOnJ4XWg7aeKB-zdobJdRXhRDRFxw6UnATtrYj6lNVhBz1yM1KuRO13LKsf0PbP3UNECLggu5lZR5u1QOiF1l4x_Hb-qmtjFaz6lW8WJPX_ECtQlKoj0/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-10-24+at+11.32.26+PM.png" width="320" /></a></div>What metro areas are suffering most and least from job loss as of July 2020? </span><div><b style="font-family: arial;"><br /></b></div><div><b style="font-family: arial;">Most loss: New York State. </b><span style="font-family: arial;">Three of the five metro areas suffering most from a loss of jobs over the last five years are in New York State. The New York City metro area lost 8.4 percent of its jobs between July 2015 and July 2020.</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Least loss:</b> <b>Sunbelt Cities. </b>Low-density sunbelt metro areas have had the least loss of jobs, like Austin, Texas; Phoenix, Arizona; Jacksonville, Florida; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Nashville-Davidson, Tennessee.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgb(154, 154, 154) rgb(154, 154, 154) rgb(148, 148, 148); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 26px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 407px;" valign="middle"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Were July Metro Jobs Higher than Five Years Ago? Most Were Lower.</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 29px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 407px;" valign="top"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Percent change in employment, 49 metro areas with Census 2010 population of 1 million or more, July 2020, not seasonally adjusted. Ranked by 5-year % change.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border-color: rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(48, 48, 48); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 16px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="bottom"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Metropolitan area</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border-color: rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(48, 48, 48); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 16px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>10 year</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border-color: rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(48, 48, 48); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 16px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>5 year</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border-color: rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(48, 48, 48); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 16px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>1 year</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border-color: rgb(48, 48, 48) rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(148, 148, 148); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Rochester, NY</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border-color: rgb(48, 48, 48) rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(148, 148, 148); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-7.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border-color: rgb(48, 48, 48) rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(148, 148, 148); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-11.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border-color: rgb(48, 48, 48) rgb(148, 148, 148) rgb(148, 148, 148); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-13.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">New Orleans-Metairie, LA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-11.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-11.4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-4.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-9.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-10.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Cleveland-Elyria, OH</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-11.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">0.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-13.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH NECTA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">2.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-12.1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-11.3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Pittsburgh, PA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-0.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-5.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-7.7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Providence-Warwick, RI-MA NECTA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">0.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-5.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT NECTA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-0.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-5.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-7.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">3.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-5.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">5.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-4.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-10.1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">6.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">0.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Memphis, TN-MS-AR</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">3.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-2.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">St. Louis, MO-IL</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">3.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-2.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-5.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Columbus, OH</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">11.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-2.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">San Diego-Carlsbad, CA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">9.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-2.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-9.7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">14.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-2.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-11.3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">6.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-1.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">8.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-1.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Richmond, VA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">8.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-1.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">12.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-1.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-12.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">15.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-1.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Birmingham-Hoover, AL</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-0.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-5.3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Kansas City, MO-KS</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">8.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">0.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Oklahoma City, OK</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">12</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">0.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">15.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">0.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-7.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">21.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">0.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">11.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">0.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">15.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">1.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-7.8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">15.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">1.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Raleigh, NC</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">19</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">2.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">15.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">3.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">22.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">3.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-9.4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">20.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-4.7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">21.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-5.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">21.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-8.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">22.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-7.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">18.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-4.8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">20.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">6.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-4.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">24.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">6.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-4.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">28.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">6.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-6.7</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Salt Lake City, UT</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">23.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">7.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.9</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Jacksonville, FL</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">20.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">8.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">24.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">9.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-3.5</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 250px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">Austin-Round Rock, TX</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 45px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">37.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 48px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">11.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #fefffe; border: 1px solid rgb(148, 148, 148); height: 15px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 49px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">-4.0</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">Covid-19 has raised questions about the value of density, although the average wage of workers is linked to population or employment density. This has been tied to skill density, commonly defined as the share of the local population with a college degree. </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">The "density is destiny" theory implies that the main effort of government officials seeking prosperity for their communities </span></span><span style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;">should be to attract, train and keep skilled workers. </span></div>
<div style="color: #434343; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Agglomeration theory, as outlined by </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574008004800063" style="color: #434343; font-size: 14px;">Rosenthal and Strange</a><span style="font-size: 14px;">, encourages the </span>idea that<span style="font-size: 14px;"> a dense city population means a high level of skills, which encourages work force productivity and higher average wages. This theory is based on the idea that people vote with their feet,</span><b style="color: #434343; font-size: 14px;"> </b><span style="font-size: 14px;">as first described by </span><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1826343" style="color: #434343; font-size: 14px;">Charles Tiebout in a 1956 article</a><span style="font-size: 14px;">, by moving to places where there are more </span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;">government-provided goods. These tend to be in certain parts of prosperous cities, with top-rated public schools.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;">The same goes for </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;">clusters of local private goods, <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5186758_The_Median_Voter_and_the_Median_Consumer_Local_Private_Goods_and_Residential_Sorting">as demonstrated in a 2006 pape</a>r by Joel Waldfogel. Being near good restaurants is worth something, or it was before Covid-19 exploded.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;">The idea of agglomeration is linked to Adam Smith’s concept of quality skills requiring a critical mass of market size or extent: </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;"><span style="color: #434343;">“As it is the power of exchanging that gives occasion to the division of labor, so the extent of this division must always be limited by… the extent of the market. When the market is very small, no person can have any encouragement to dedicate himself entirely to one employment… A country carpenter deals in every sort of work that is made of wood…”</span><span style="color: #476581;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(71, 101, 129);"> (<a href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN.html"><i>Wealth of Nations</i>, I:3</a>)</span></span></span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;">A city’s size creates demand for high-quality specialized services, and the demand creates the supply of skills that attracts those who care about quality. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="color: #434343;">What first determined a city’s size? Adam Smith noted the importance in his time of water transportation. He noted that European cities grew up because they could trade with one another in the sheltered harbor of the Mediterranean. He also noted that:.“[I]n our North American colonies the plantations have constantly followed either the sea-coast or the banks of the navigable rivers,”</span><span style="color: #476581;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(71, 101, 129);"> </span></span><span style="color: #434343;">because water transportation was then the cheapest form of moving goods and people. </span></span></span></span></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="color: #434343;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><span style="color: #434343;">Harvard Professor Edward Glaeser observes that in 1990 the 20 most populous U.S. cities were all on water. </span></span></span></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white; color: #434343; font-kerning: none; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;">As railroads opened up the interior of the United States, railroad terminals became as important as ports. Manufacturing located near the terminals, so that as late as 1950 seven out of the eight largest cities, including New York, were manufacturing centers based on employment concentration relative to the nation.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -10px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">With the spread of national highways and car ownership, the railroads diminished in importance. People moved inland to sun and sprawl, to what Glaeser calls “consumption cities” designed for leisurely living. By 1990, manufacturing had decentralized (and shrunk), to the point where six of the eight largest U.S. cities had a lower-than-average share of manufacturing employment. City size is no longer being determined by the cheapness of water transportation, or the importance of railway terminals, or the existence of manufacturing.</span></span></span></div><div style="color: #434343; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="color: #434343; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">All of these ideas will be subject to review as we rethink cities under the shadow of Covid-19. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;"><b></b></span><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">Notes</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">1. Agglomeration: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574008004800063">S. S. Rosenthal and W. C. Strange</a>, “Evidence on the Nature and Sources of Agglomeration Economies,” in J.V. Henderson and J.-F. Thisse, eds., <i>Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics</i>, Vol. 4. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004, 2119-2172.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #434343; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">2. Vote with Their Feet: Charles Tiebout, “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures,” <i>The Journal of Political Economy</i>, 64(5) (Oct 1956), 416-424. </span></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #434343; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">3. Local Private Goods: Joel Waldfogel, Wharton School, Univ. of Pennsylvania, “The Median Voter and the Median Consumer: Local Private Goods and Residential Sorting,” Preliminary Draft, November 22, 2004, 25-26. Types of restaurants indicate nearby clientele.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #434343; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">4. Division of Labor Adam Smith, <i>An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations</i>. Edwin Cannan, ed. Book 1, Chapter 3, “That the Division of Labor is limited by the Extent of the Market,” para. 1. <a href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN.html"><span style="color: #476581; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN.html</span></a>,</span></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #434343; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-kerning: none;">5. Smith, Book 1, Chapter 3, para. 4. </span></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #434343; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px; text-indent: -10px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">6. Remarks to the Manhattan Institute, New York City, January 10, 2006.</span></span></span></div>
</div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-19828406148738997132020-09-09T20:54:00.023-07:002020-09-10T00:40:07.258-07:00TRUMP | "Fitness" for the Presidency<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQKEG_KfgEXZLW3vH9CEWevd-iDJZWBEWq_asFTyhF-vD79Nb1Qytkp-S-R8TeKbiWYK8_6TuXsRn8CKBOfXjTTkqiebE2zk5lqmlgAKWgJfJ5OC_zSQvOZSrUI67uUTueGK1FPA2V4eA/s296/Screen+Shot+2020-09-10+at+12.00.45+AM.png" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="296" data-original-width="294" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQKEG_KfgEXZLW3vH9CEWevd-iDJZWBEWq_asFTyhF-vD79Nb1Qytkp-S-R8TeKbiWYK8_6TuXsRn8CKBOfXjTTkqiebE2zk5lqmlgAKWgJfJ5OC_zSQvOZSrUI67uUTueGK1FPA2V4eA/w187-h190/Screen+Shot+2020-09-10+at+12.00.45+AM.png" title="Former Defense Secretary James Mattis" width="187" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Former Defense Secretary <br />James Mattis.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">September 9, 2020—Today we learned that Donald Trump was described as totally “unfit” to serve as President by Former Defense Secretary James Mattis. </span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">This label appears in Bob Woodward’s soon-to-be-released book,</span> <i style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Rage.</i><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Mattis was talking with then-Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats, says Woodward (<a href="https://bit.ly/32f6XVd">https://bit.ly/32f6XVd</a>). </span></div><div><p></p>
<p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Mattis resigned his position in late 2018 because of disagreements with the president on defense policies. He told Coats that the President was “dangerous” and “there may come a time when we have to take collective action” against Trump, according to excerpts from the Woodward book reported on by<i> The Washington Post</i> this morning (<a href="https://bit.ly/35qM8rV">https://bit.ly/35qM8rV</a><span style="font-size: 11px;">). </span></p>
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<p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The “collective action” Mattis is referring to is presumably Article 25 of (25th Amendment to) the Constitution, which provides for either (1) a President declaring himself/herself incapable of carrying out his/her duties or (2) those around the President, i.e., the Cabinet, so declaring (<a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxxv">https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxxv</a>).</p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">However, Article 25 was designed for addressing a disability rather than a mental or temperamental disorder. </p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>What Makes a President Fit or Unfit?</b></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><br /></b></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Two key factors make someone fit to be President, apart from general sanity. They are experience (including education) and temperament. </p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Going back to the ten presidents before Trump, all had either legislative (four as Senators— Barack Obama, Gerald Ford, Lyndon Johnson, Jack Kennedy—and one as a Representative, George H. W. Bush) or government executive (five Governors: George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Richard Nixon). </p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Trump had neither legislative nor government executive experience. He had some business experience, but one that viewed government as the enemy, an environment with little connection to the constraints of government administration and leadership.</p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Historically—The Best Presidents</b></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><br /></b></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">C-Span has an interesting list of qualifications that make for the best presidents. It has an ongoing tabulation of the best ones ever, updated to 2017. In first place, consistently since 2000, is Abraham Lincoln. (If George Washington's presidencies created the nation, Lincoln's preserved it.) </p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">George Washington and Franklin Delano Roosevelt take the next two spots (they traded places between 2000 and 2009). Theodore Roosevelt comes in fourth. See <a href="https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2017/">https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2017/</a>.</p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">George Washington and Lincoln get respect for creating and preserving the United States. But the two Roosevelts had challenges more like the ones we have today. They needed a lead a team to address problems that the private marketplace was facing to address.</p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Franklin Delano Roosevelt</b></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">FDR in particular inherited a country that was in a deep Depression, with bank failures panicking depositors and unemployment at 25 percent. It required political savvy and administrative skill to steer the country through that era and then through a World War.</p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">FDR was well prepared to take on these challenges because he had both the experience and the temperament to do so. He had two terms as Governor of New York State, during which time he led the country in innovative responses to the Depression.</p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">He gained important experience operating in Washington from his eight years as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Wilson. He was appointed by the Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Daniels, who had been editor of the Raleigh <i>News & Observer</i>. He learned to work with members of Congress. He helped reorganize the Navy Department. He mastered the facts of the Navy Department and stuck to them at Congressional hearings. He learned to work with his party in Washington and in New York.</p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">When the United States went to war with Germany on April 6, 1917, FDR got a taste of wartime decision-making. He presided over a four-fold increase in the Navy's strength in six months, involving the building of new ships and stockpiling of supplies.</p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Donald Trump did not have anything like this kind of preparation for his presidency.</p></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-54311983333113399212020-09-04T06:04:00.005-07:002020-09-05T13:34:52.751-07:00PAYROLL JOBS | Rise by 1.4 million in August, as expected<p>September 4, 2020—Nonfarm payroll jobs rose by 1.4 million in August, showing modest recovery in depressed sectors like retail trade and leisure-hospitality. Education+health also increased, reflecting the beginning of return to the academic calendar. </p><p>Temporary workers were a factor, as the Census Bureau hired 238,000 temporary Census takers, a large factor in the growth of government jobs. Professional+business services turned to temporary-help services for 107,000 new workers; this sector is still 1.5 million jobs below its February level.</p><p>More information at <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jec.nr0.htm">https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jec.nr0.htm</a>.</p><p>P.S. September 5—<i>NY Times</i> coverage here: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/business/economy/jobs-report.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/business/economy/jobs-report.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-83297787942393554712020-09-04T05:54:00.005-07:002020-09-05T13:36:32.211-07:00UNEMPLOYMENT | Falls to single digit, 8.4%, in August<p>September 4, 2020—Unemployment fell by 1.8 percentage points in August to 8.4 percent. It was the first time since March that the unemployment rate fell below 10 percent. </p><p>Still, the number of unemployed remained at 13.6 million, which is 2.8 million below the July number.</p><p>The unemployment rate was higher than in February by 4.9 percentage points and by 7.8 million people.</p><p>The Bureau of Labor Statistics issued its monthly Employment Situation report providing a snapshot of U.S. jobs as of the first half of August 2020. "The" unemployment rate is the U3 rate.</p><p>More information in the BLS press release: <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jec.nr0.htm">https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jec.nr0.htm</a>. </p><p>P.S. NY Times coverage, September 5: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/business/economy/jobs-report.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/business/economy/jobs-report.html</a></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-89845752699693693682020-08-07T06:11:00.005-07:002020-08-07T07:40:46.005-07:00UNEMPLOYMENT | Rising Long-Term Unemployed in July<p><span style="font-size: x-large;">The official unemployment number (U-3) of 10.2 percent in July is down 0.9 of a percentage point from June.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;">But the number of long-term unemployed (U-1) is growing as Covid-19 extends into another month, from 2.1 percent in June to 5.0 percent in July. These are likely to be people with fewer skills or opportunities, who are less able to adapt to a new economic situation. This damage to the labor market is hard to repair.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.47058868408203px;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;">The broadest published measure of unemployment (U-6) in July is still 16.5 percent, nearly double what it was in March.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="7" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 17px; padding: 4px; width: 639px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px 0px 6px; text-align: center;"><span face="" style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor utilization</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 4px; width: 639px;" valign="top"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #520001; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>HOUSEHOLD DATA (</b><a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><u><b>https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm</b></u></span></a><b>)</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 54px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 265px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Measure</b></span></p></td><td colspan="6" style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 365px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Seasonally adjusted, percent</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 59px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>July</b></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>2019</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 52px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Mar.</b></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>2020</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 54px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>Apr.</b></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>2020</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 50px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>May</b></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>2020</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 57px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>June</b></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>2020</b></span></p></td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 48px;" valign="bottom"><p align="center" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>July</b></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;"><b>2020</b></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 31px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 265px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 35px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 63px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">1.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 35px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 56px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">1.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 35px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 58px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">1.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 35px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 54px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">1.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 35px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">2.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 35px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 52px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">5.0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 48px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 265px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 52px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 63px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">1.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 52px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 56px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">2.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 52px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 58px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">13.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 52px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 54px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">11.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 52px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">8.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 52px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 52px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">8.1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 47px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 265px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 63px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">3.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 56px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.4</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 58px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">14.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 54px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">13.3</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">11.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 52px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">10.2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 47px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 265px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 63px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">3.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 56px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 58px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">15.1</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 54px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">13.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">11.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 51px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 52px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">10.6</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 80px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 265px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 84px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 63px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">4.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 84px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 56px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">5.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 84px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 58px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">16.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 84px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 54px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">14.6</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 84px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">12.5</span></p></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 84px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 52px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">11.3</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 95px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 265px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 99px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 63px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">6.9</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 99px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 56px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">8.7</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 99px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 58px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">22.8</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 99px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 54px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">21.2</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 99px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 61px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">18.0</span></p></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 99px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 52px;" valign="middle"><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; line-height: normal;">16.5</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-39727767407754738772020-06-20T07:30:00.003-07:002020-08-07T06:34:08.641-07:00PERRY GERSHON—For the Suffolk Economy (NY-1)<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The following statement is an endorsement by two economists of Perry Gershon as the best candidate to represent Suffolk County (NY-1) residents in the U.S. Congress. </i><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial;"><i>Dr. Frank P. Braconi </i></b><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial;">served as Executive Director of the Citizens Housing and Planning Council of New York before serving as the chief economist for three New York City Comptrollers in 2006-2015. </i><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial;"><i>Dr. John Tepper Marlin</i></b><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-family: Arial;"> was the chief economist for three New York City Comptrollers in 1992-2006. Before that he worked as an economist for three federal agencies and was subsequently senior economist for nearly four years at the Joint Economic Committee of the Congress.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">We are have lived for decades in Suffolk County and got to know Perry Gershon during the past few years as he has been running for the Democratic nomination to represent NY-1 in the Congress.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Why do we economists support Perry to win back NY-1? Because Perry understands why <a href="https://thehill.com/policy/finance/economy/503666-trump-gop-place-big-bet-on-economy-for-2020">Trump’s promises to make the economy work better</a> have failed. Perry understands that Trump rammed through a tax cut that helped big corporations and their shareholders more than small businesses, and the cuts were paid for in part by capping the deductibility of state and local taxes. This hurt middle-class taxpayers in suburban areas like Suffolk County, which was suffering economically even before the pandemic hit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Perry understands the disaster of Trump’s closing down the White House pandemic preparedness unit, a mistake for which Suffolk County paid a steep price. An unready Trump first postponed actions recommended by his advisers and then came up with some wildly improbable ideas about possible treatments for the disease. Perry understands that a major reason for unemployment levels not seen since the Great Depression is terrible leadership from the White House.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The foundations of economic prosperity are health, education and personal security. Trump has undermined all three, and Lee Zeldin has helped do this for Suffolk County: </span></div>
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<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #535353; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14.5px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;">On the health front, he used economic arguments for many of his anti-environmental votes. His voting record in his last full term was rated by environmental organizations as one of the three worst of Members of Congress from New York State. Zeldin and Trump have sought to undermine Obamacare. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial unicode ms"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">The n</span><span style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;">umber of uninsured Americans is rising during the Trump administration. Covid-19 has shown just how important it is that healthcare coverage extends to everyone. </span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #535353; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14.5px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;">On education,Trump’s cap on the state and local tax deduction hurts the ability of local governments and school boards all across Suffolk County to seek improvements in educational funding. Twice in 2019 Zeldin has voted against repeal of this law.</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #535353; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14.5px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"></span><span style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;">On personal safety, Zeldin has also supported the right of those who would deny the right of women to make decisions about their own bodies. Perry is also staunchly in favor of gun safety, while Zeldin is not. Perry has acted on his outrage at the murder of George Floyd by joining several local protests. Zeldin is missing from them.</span></li>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">In return for his slavish following of the President’s bidding, what has Zeldin gotten for Suffolk County? In December 2019, Suffolk County <b><i>lost jobs</i></b> from a year earlier. Its job growth was in the <b>lowest one-eighth</b> of large U.S. counties.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Other counties that lost jobs, like Westchester, at least saw higher incomes than most other counties. Suffolk's <b><i>income growth was just as bad as its poor job growth</i></b>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">As we come out of our lockdowns, we will need to rebuild our economy while maintaining our public health standards. Perry knows how that should be done. He has built four small businesses, one of which was a sports bar at age 23. The other three businesses were in commercial real estate lending. Perry combines the independence he gets from having succeeded in the private sector with a cooperative approach that means he can work with the many disparate groups that make up NY-1.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">We support Perry because we think Suffolk County has tremendous economic potential that is not being tapped. The nation is hurting, but Suffolk County taxpayers are hurting more than most. Perry can make the best case to expose the failures of our Tea Party Congressman and go on to make a difference in Washington, D.C. by representing small businesses and middle-class taxpayers in Suffolk County.</span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-35003186003125238912020-06-05T10:14:00.001-07:002020-06-08T12:55:42.997-07:00STATE UNEMPLOYMENT | April 2020, ranked<div>
June 5, 2020—We are in uncharted territory, so it's worth looking at every piece of data that can help us understand what is happening. The markets were happily shocked by the <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/06/job-numbers-rose-25-million.html">drop to a 13.3 percent unemployment rate</a> this morning, although if the status of some misclassified workers were corrected the percentage unemployed would rise to 16.3 percent. But at 13.3 percent the U-6 rate was above 20 percent, and some of the people who would have been among the May U-3 unemployed were located for the time being among the U-6 unemployed.<br />
<br />
What are the major shocks that the United States is suffering through? Here are three:<br />
<ul>
<li>The coronavirus, which is poorly understood,</li>
<li>The economy, which was been largely shut down by the Covid-19 virus, and </li>
<li>The relationship of governments at the <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/is-america-becoming-a-banana-republic">federal</a>, state, city and town level to the public that they serve, when nerves on both sides are frayed.</li>
</ul>
</div>
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The following rank of unemployment rates by state may help separate out the different strands of distress. Minnesota's April unemployment rate, for example, ranks second-lowest among all the states (DC is included here as a state). Its economic stress should be relatively low. It is therefore surprising that this is where George Floyd was murdered.</div>
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One sorting factor among the states is relative density. Connecticut and Minnesota have a relatively low density. Another factor is the importance of tourism and travel. Nevada and Hawaii are greatly affected by the loss of tourism and air travel. Michigan is affected by the stay-at-home guidelines.</div>
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<div>
New York is an interesting case. Because New York City is a tourist and immigration destination, it was the first to be affected in a major way by the coronavirus. It is densely populated downstate and relatively sparsely populated upstate. </div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">State</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">April 2020</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">(</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><u>P</u></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">April 2020</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">(</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><u>P</u></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Rank</span></div>
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<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Connecticut</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">7.9</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">1</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
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</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Florida</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12.9</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">25</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Minnesota</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">8.1</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
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</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Oklahoma</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">13.7</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">28</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Nebraska</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">8.3</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">3</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Wisconsin</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14.1</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">29</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">North Dakota</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">8.5</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">4</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Oregon</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14.2</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">30</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Wyoming</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">9.2</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">5</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Delaware</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14.3</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">31</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Missouri</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">9.7</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">6</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Louisiana</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14.5</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">32</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Utah</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">9.7</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">6</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>New York</b></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>14.5</b></span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>32</b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Maryland</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">9.9</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">8</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Tennessee</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14.7</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">34</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Arkansas</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">10.2</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">9</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Massachusetts</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.1</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">35</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Iowa</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">10.2</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">9</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Pennsylvania</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.1</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">35</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">South Dakota</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">10.2</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">9</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">West Virginia</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.2</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">37</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Maine</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">10.6</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">New Jersey</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.3</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">38</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Virginia</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">10.6</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Kentucky</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.4</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">39</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 32px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">District of Columbia</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 36px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">11.1</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 36px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 32px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 32px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Mississippi</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 36px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.4</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 36px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">39</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Kansas</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">11.2</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Washington</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.4</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">39</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Colorado</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">11.3</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">16</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">California</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.5</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">42</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Montana</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">11.3</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">16</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Vermont</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.6</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">43</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">New Mexico</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">11.3</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">16</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">New Hampshire</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">16.3</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">44</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Idaho</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">11.5</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">19</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Illinois</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">16.4</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">45</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Georgia</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">11.9</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">20</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Ohio</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">16.8</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">46</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">South Carolina</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12.1</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">21</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Indiana</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">16.9</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">47</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">North Carolina</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12.2</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">22</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Rhode Island</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">17.0</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">48</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Arizona</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12.6</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">23</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Hawaii</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">22.3</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">49</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Texas</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12.8</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">24</span></td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Michigan</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">22.7</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">50</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Alabama</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12.9</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">25</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px;" valign="middle"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 16px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Nevada</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">28.2</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 20px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 51px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">51</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 89px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Alaska</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 77px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">12.9</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 19px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 33px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">25</span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 89px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 73px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 13px; padding: 4px; width: 47px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15px; padding: 4px; width: 453px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: #012087; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><u>(p) </u></span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Preliminary</span></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 48px; padding: 4px; width: 453px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 12.8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Note: Rates shown are a percentage of the labor force. Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for the current month are subject to revision the following month. Source: <a href="https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"><u>https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm</u></span></a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-27511788451457769032020-06-05T06:26:00.003-07:002020-06-05T08:32:57.928-07:00UNEMPLOYMENT | Local Rates HigherJune 5, 2020—New Yorkers have a feel for these things and they are surprised at a <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/06/job-numbers-rose-25-million.html">reported U.S. unemployment rate of 13.3 percent</a>. Economic analysts surveyed by Dow Jones expected nonfarm payrolls to decrease by <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/04/weekly-jobless-claims.html">8.3 million while their average estimate of the May unemployment rate was 20.5 percent</a>.<br />
<br />
The BLS actually reported this morning a 2.5 million increase in payrolls, the largest increase on record.<br />
<br />
One explanation is that in New York City the unemployment rate <i><b>might be</b></i> much higher. Using a simple forecasting model based on April and prior months, the New York City unemployment rate for May would be above 20 percent, i.e., 21.6 percent.<br />
<br />
Here are the May numbers for New York City and neighboring counties, as projected from prior months. All of these actual BLS numbers for May will not appear until close to the date when the national unemployment rate for June is released.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 364px;" valign="middle"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Unemployment Rates - U.S. and Local, May 2020</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #9fa4a3; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 68px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 168px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #9fa4a3; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 68px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>U.S. Rate, %</b></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #9fa4a3; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 68px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Projected Local Rate, %</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #c9c9c9; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 21px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 168px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>New York City</b></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 21px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">13.7</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 21px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">21.6</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #c9c9c9; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 168px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Nassau Co.</b></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">13.7</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.1</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #c9c9c9; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 168px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Suffolk Co.</b></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">13.7</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">15.7</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #c9c9c9; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 168px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Westchester Co.</b></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">13.7</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 22px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 93px;" valign="top"><div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 18.7px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14.1</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Source: May unemployment rate from BLS. Projected<br />
<div>
May local rates by CityEconomist.</div>
<div>
<br />
For the future, New York City may outperform the rest of the country because it has been through the coronavirus mill earlier. It has just had its <a href="https://patch.com/new-york/chelsea-ny/s/h4y8c/nyc-coronavirus-deaths-hit-0-for-first-time-since-march">first day since March 12 without a confirmed coronavirus death.</a><br />
<br /></div>
<div>
(Hat tip to Dr. Jurgen Brauer, Geoffrey Hilton and Dr. Farid Heydarpour for assistance with the interpretation of the data.)<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-80832854798793374592020-06-05T06:00:00.001-07:002020-06-08T12:54:52.264-07:00JOB NUMBERS | May Unemployment 13.3% (16.3%?) June 5, 2020—Total nonfarm payroll employment rose 2.5 million in May, and the unemployment rate declined to 13.3 percent, <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf">the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported this morning</a>.<br />
<br />
However, the BLS includes a note by BLS Commissioner Beach noting that some misclassification occurred, making the unemployment number as reported 3 percentage points lower than it would otherwise have been:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
If the workers who were recorded as employed but absent from work due to "other reasons" (over and above the number absent for other reasons in a typical May) had been classified as unemployed on temporary layoff, the overall unemployment rate would have been about 3 percentage points higher than reported (on a not seasonally adjusted basis). Additional information is available online at <a href="http://www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faq-may-2020.pdf">www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faq-may-2020.pdf</a>.</blockquote>
(June 6 —See <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/06/05/may-2020-jobs-report-misclassification-error/">WaPo story</a>, 11 am.)<br />
<br />
The principal unemployment rate (U-3) is lower than many economists expected. The <a href="https://www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faq-april-2020.pdf">BLS warned in a May correction</a> that because its survey is a sample of households during a specific period, unemployment claims data will not necessarily match up to the unemployment numbers. However, the BLS also reports different unemployment rates using a range of definitions. U-6 is the broadest definition, taking into account those marginally attached to the labor force, including total employed part time for economic reasons. This rate was 20.7 percent, more in line with economists' expectations.<br />
<br />
<b>Forecasts had been for as high as 25 percent.</b> The unemployment rate was 25 percent (or a smidgeon above) at its peak in the Great Depression. This rate occurred in the early months of 1933. Most economic observers dismiss the idea that we are in a Depression, because they expect the economy to recover quickly as soon as coronavirus cases level off or a vaccine is developed that would allow the public to resume a normal life.<br />
<br />
But the following are examples of people who have gone on record as fearing that the May 2020 unemployment number announced this morning could be as high as 25 percent:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/Fed%20Chairman%20Jay%20Powell%20-%20could%20hit%2025%%20https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/18/global-report-coronavirus-us-unemployment-could-hit-25-warns-fed-chairman-as-japan-enters-recession">Fed Chairman Jay Powell</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/10/coronavirus-mnuchin-says-unemployment-will-rate-get-worse-before-they-get-better.html"><span id="goog_1603721143"></span>Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin<span id="goog_1603721144"></span></a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/unemployment-rate-could-hit-25-percent-goldman-sachs-predicts/">Goldman Sachs</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckjones/2020/06/03/mays-unemployment-rate-could-exceed-20-and-even-hit-the-great-depressions-25/#4337ec0e515d">Forbes Magazine's Chuck Jones</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div>
One of the backdrops to this was a <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-bankruptcy/u-s-chapter-11-bankruptcy-filings-surge-in-may-idUSKBN23B2K3">48 percent increase in bankruptcies</a> in May.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Consensus: 20 percent.</b> Most commentators, if they gave a projected unemployment number, were close to <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/economy/may-jobs-report-preview/index.html">CNN's Anneken Tappe</a>, who thought the rate will be most likely about 20 percent. Which is bad enough, and <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/06/unemployment-estimates-20-25.html">off the April chart</a>.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
To understand what is happening, behind the unemployment number itself, look at <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/06/unemployment-in-may-bls-release-on.html">U-6 as well as U-3.</a> U-6 is 20.7 percent. It includes people who are not in the unemployment numbers because they are marginally attached to the labor force or are employed part time for economic reasons.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 341px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Measure</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 25px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Apr. </span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2019 </span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 26px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Feb.</span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2020</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 23px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Mar.</span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2020</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 24px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Apr.</span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2020</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 37px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">May 2020</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 24px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 341px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 29px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">3.6</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 30px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">3.5</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 27px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">4.4</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 28px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14.7</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 41px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small;"><b>13.3</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 35px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 341px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 29px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">7.3</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 30px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">7.0</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 27px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">8.7</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 28px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">22.8</span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 41px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma";"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-small;"><b>20.7</b></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The number that is ordinarily reported is U-3. In 1933, that was the only number available. But U-6 provides details (insofar as any sample of 50,000 households in the U.S. economy can provide details) of people who are neither employed nor unemployed, an interesting group of potential workers.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
The level of U-6 unemployment is important to look at because of the number of Americans who are on the Payroll Protection Plan and other special programs that are keeping workers off the unemployment rolls.<br />
<br />
(Hat tip to Dr. Jurgen Brauer, Geoffrey Hilton and Dr. Farid Heydarpour for their assistance with this post!)</div>
</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8773625527617286057.post-78731811327462988082020-06-04T20:59:00.000-07:002020-06-05T07:55:58.164-07:00MAY UNEMPLOYMENT ESTIMATES | 20-25%<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6opRq6ewcrOy5dHAWzNr5BKI4asu-oJzmpHR-W5kgQ_JqCT0uW9XN11p-zzw41dISdJT0-VV7K0khfmKTD4aLnaaE_u5CPU9CDAbjqt7JTYpm0U-RT5vJ0WbjwdxGyAAeuTpm_FU2NTk/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+12.40.21+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="1600" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6opRq6ewcrOy5dHAWzNr5BKI4asu-oJzmpHR-W5kgQ_JqCT0uW9XN11p-zzw41dISdJT0-VV7K0khfmKTD4aLnaaE_u5CPU9CDAbjqt7JTYpm0U-RT5vJ0WbjwdxGyAAeuTpm_FU2NTk/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-06-05+at+12.40.21+AM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">U.S. Unemployment Rate, 2010-2020. The May figure was predicted to be<br />
off the chart. [P.S. The BLS actually reports it defined to 13.3 percent.]</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Thursday, June 4, 2020—Forecasters like to say: "If you give a number, don't give a date. If you give a date, don't give a number." Especially, don't forecast a definite number the day before.<br />
<br />
However, these rules have been broken recently by people who have strong views about what the U.S. unemployment number will be at 8:30 a.m. tomorrow.<br />
<br />
<b>Scariest number: 25 percent.</b> The unemployment rate of 25 percent is scary, because that (or a smidgeon above) was the peak unemployment of the Great Depression. This rate occurred in the early months of 1933. That would meet one test for deciding whether we are in the Second Great Recession or the Second Great Depression. The economy (GDP) has already suffered two quarters of decline. The big question is whether the decline will continue, which would be likely if the country saw a second wave of coronavirus infections. Paul Krugman has argued that to call what we are in a Depression would require four quarters of decline.<br />
<br />
Most economic observers dismiss the idea that we are in a Depression, because they expect the economy to recover quickly as soon as coronavirus cases level off or a vaccine is developed that would allow the public to resume a normal life.<br />
<br />
The following are examples of people who have gone on record as fearing that the May 2020 unemployment number to be announced in the morning will be as high as 25 percent:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/Fed%20Chairman%20Jay%20Powell%20-%20could%20hit%2025%%20https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/18/global-report-coronavirus-us-unemployment-could-hit-25-warns-fed-chairman-as-japan-enters-recession">Fed Chairman Jay Powell</a> (and it's his job to be well informed on the topic).</li>
<li><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/10/coronavirus-mnuchin-says-unemployment-will-rate-get-worse-before-they-get-better.html"><span id="goog_1603721143"></span>Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin<span id="goog_1603721144"></span></a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/unemployment-rate-could-hit-25-percent-goldman-sachs-predicts/">Goldman Sachs</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckjones/2020/06/03/mays-unemployment-rate-could-exceed-20-and-even-hit-the-great-depressions-25/#4337ec0e515d">Forbes Magazine's Chuck Jones</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<b>Consensus: 20 percent.</b> Most commentators, if they give a projected unemployment number, are like <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/economy/may-jobs-report-preview/index.html">CNN's Anneken Tappe</a>, who thinks the rate will be most likely about 20 percent. Which is bad enough, and off the chart above. We will know soon enough.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
To understand what is happening, behind the unemployment number itself, I recommend looking at <a href="https://cityeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/06/unemployment-in-may-bls-release-on.html">U-6 as well as U-3.</a><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 341px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Measure</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 25px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Apr.</span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2019</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 26px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Feb.</span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2020</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 23px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Mar.</span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2020</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 24px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Apr.</span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">2020</span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #d5d5d5; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 23px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 37px;" valign="bottom"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">May 2020</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #eaeaea; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 24px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 341px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 29px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">3.6</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 30px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">3.5</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 27px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">4.4</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 28px;" valign="middle"><span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">14.7</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 41px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">20%?</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">25%?</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #d3e4ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 35px; padding: 2px 4px 4px; width: 341px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 29px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">7.3</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 30px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">7.0</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 27px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">8.7</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 28px;" valign="middle"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">22.8</span></td><td style="background-color: #eaf1ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 39px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; width: 41px;" valign="middle"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">25%?</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">3</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "tahoma"; font-size: 10px;">0%?</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The number that is ordinarily reported is U-3. In 1933, that was the only number available. But U-6 provides details (insofar as any sample of 50,000 households in the U.S. economy can provide details) of people who are neither employed nor unemployed, an interesting group of potential workers.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The level of U-6 unemployment will bear careful watching because of the number of Americans who are on the Payroll Protection Plan and other special programs that obscure the data.<br />
<br />
(Hat tip to Dr. Jurgen Brauer, Geoffrey Hilton and Dr. Farid Heydarpour for their assistance with this post.) </div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">John Tepper Marlin, www.CityEconomist.com</div>John Tepper Marlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01461326883164385265noreply@blogger.com0